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Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration
The direction and strength of selection for prey colouration by predators vary in space and time and depend on the composition of the predator...
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Climate-associated shifts in color and body size for a tropical bee pollinator
Habitat degradation and climatic changes are causing declines in bee populations, which in turn threaten wild plant reproductive success and the...
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A salamander’s toxic arsenal: review of skin poison diversity and function in true salamanders, genus Salamandra
Terrestrial salamanders of the genus Salamandra represent one of the most prominent groups of amphibians. They are mainly distributed across Europe...
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The Amphibians of the Gulf of Guinea Oceanic Islands
This chapter reviews the diversity, evolutionary relationships, ecology, and conservation of the Gulf of Guinea oceanic islands’ endemic caecilian...
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Antipredator mechanisms of post-metamorphic anurans: a global database and classification system
AbstractA crucial step in any ethological study is to distinguish and classify the observed behavior into categories. The literature on anuran...
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Fight or fright: potential drivers of body size evolution in Cimbicidae (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
Cimbicidae is a small family of Tenthredinoidea, containing the largest extant true sawflies. Body length variation across the family is mapped on an...
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Southeast Asian clearwing moths buzz like their model bees
BackgroundThe endless struggle to survive has driven harmless species to evolve elaborate strategies of deceiving predators. Batesian mimicry...
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Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Insect Color Change Towards Understanding Molecular Links
Insect color patterns are prominently diverse, serving significant physiological and ecological functions. However, the environments surrounding...
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The Role of Enemies in Bare and Edaphically Challenging Environments
We discuss habitat bareness as an integrative factor in the ecology of plants in harsh edaphic environments, with a focus on the role of defense...
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Specialized androconial scales conceal species-specific semiochemicals of sympatric sulphur butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Coliadinae)
Chemical cues play an important role in short-range communication of butterflies, remarkably in sexual attraction and mate choice. Differentiated...
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Social transmission of avoidance among predators facilitates the spread of novel prey
Warning signals are an effective defence strategy for aposematic prey, but only if they are recognized by potential predators. If predators must eat...
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Directed chemical spray of the peppermint stick insect (Megacrania batesii) is induced when predation risk is at its highest
The risk of mortality during a predator–prey sequence is at its greatest when a predator makes contact with the prey. Theoretically then, if prey...
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Bioluminescence and Pigments
Bioluminescence is present in organisms across the tree of life and inhabiting diverse environments on the planet. Light emissions are used for...
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Behavioral and electrophysiological response of sugarcane aphid and imported fire ant to 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, an alkaloid from the pink-spotted lady beetle
Many predatory coccinellids conflict with hemipteran tending ants, because they both use hemipterans as resources. Lady beetles are important in the...
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In Search of a Unified Theory of Sensory Perception: Possible Links between the Vibrational Mechanism of Olfaction and the Evolution of Language
Here, I outline the idea of a unified hypothesis of sensory perception, developed from the theoretical vibrational mechanism of olfaction, which can...
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Community Structure
In the last few chapters, we have discussed about ecology at population level. The final chapters of this book deals with ecology at community level....
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Benefits of insect colours: a review from social insect studies
Insect colours assist in body protection, signalling, and physiological adaptations. Colours also convey multiple channels of information. These...
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The Evolution and Diversification of Neotropical Generalist Herbivores: The Evolutionary History of the Grasshopper Genus Sphenarium Charpentier, 1842
We present the current understanding on the diversification of the Mesoamerican genus Sphenarium, a group of generalist-herbivorous grasshoppers that...
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Flash behavior in mammals?
AbstractConspicuous coloration in animals has many possible functions including signaling to conspecifics, or predator deterrence through confusion,...
