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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Prostate Cancer
Typically the normal epithelial cells are a single layer, held tightly by adherent proteins that prevent the mobilization of the cells from the...
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Introductory review: periostin—gene and protein structure
Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the function of the periostin protein structures derived from...
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Bone morphogenetic protein 2 promotes human trophoblast cell invasion by upregulating N-cadherin via non-canonical SMAD2/3 signaling
BMP2 expression is spatiotemporally correlated with embryo implantation and is crucial for endometrial decidualization and fertility in mice. BMP2...
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Muscleblind-like 1 is required for normal heart valve development in vivo
BackgroundDevelopment of the valves and septa of the heart depends on the formation and remodeling of the endocardial cushions in the...
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The p53 family members have distinct roles during mammalian embryonic development
The p53 tumor suppressor is a member of a multi-protein family, including the p63 and p73 transcription factors. These proteins can bind to the same...
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BMP-SMAD signalling output is highly regionalized in cardiovascular and lymphatic endothelial networks
BackgroundBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has emerged as a fundamental pathway in endothelial cell biology and deregulation of this...
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Depletion of polycomb repressive complex 2 core component EED impairs fetal hematopoiesis
Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a H3K27me3 methyltransferase complex, promotes the development of many organs by silencing ectopic...
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Genome-wide Twist1 occupancy in endocardial cushion cells, embryonic limb buds, and peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells
BackgroundThe basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Twist1 has well-documented roles in progenitor populations of the develo** embryo,...
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Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EndMT): Role and Implications in Kidney Fibrosis
Tubulointerstitial injury is one of the hallmarks of renal disease. In particular, interstitial fibrosis has a prominent role in the development and...
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Human fetal and adult epicardial-derived cells: a novel model to study their activation
BackgroundThe epicardium, a cell layer covering the heart, plays an important role during cardiogenesis providing cardiovascular cell types and...
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Cardiomyocytes: Function and Regeneration
In vertebrate embryonic development, the heart is the first organ to shape and start functioning. In higher developed vertebrates, it is organized by...
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Meis2 is essential for cranial and cardiac neural crest development
BackgroundTALE-class homeodomain transcription factors Meis and Pbx play important roles in formation of the embryonic brain, eye, heart, cartilage...
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Blood flow mechanics in cardiovascular development
Hemodynamic forces are fundamental to development. Indeed, much of cardiovascular morphogenesis reflects a two-way interaction between mechanical...
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GATA-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic control of cardiac lineage specification and differentiation
Heart progenitor cells differentiate into various cell types including pacemaker and working cardiomyocytes. Cell-type specific gene expression is...
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Embryological Origin of Valve Progenitor Cells
The cardiac valves are required for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow during diastole. The adult mammalian heart includes four valves:...
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The pattern of congenital heart defects arising from reduced Tbx5 expression is altered in a Down syndrome mouse model
BackgroundNearly half of all individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) have some type of congenital heart defect (CHD), suggesting that DS sensitizes to...
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Diverse Cellular Origins of Cardiac Fibroblasts
Cardiac fibroblasts synthesize and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) Extracellular matrix (ECM) of the heart and...
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Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as a Model for Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital heart disease (CHD) remains a significant health problem, with a growing population of survivors with chronic disease. Despite intense...
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Analysis of microRNA Microarrays in Cardiogenesis
microRNAs are a subclass of noncoding RNAs which have been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in multiple cellular mechanisms. microRNAs are small...