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Behavioral strategies of American kestrels during mate replacement
To determine the influence of mate replacement on the behavior and reproductive success of wild American kestrels ( Falco sparverius ) we removed 4...
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Group-living in cliff swallows as an advantage in avoiding predators
Cliff swallows ( Hirundo pyrrhonota ) in SW Nebraska, USA, nest in colonies and associate in groups away from their colonies. The degree to which...
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Herzschlagraten als Maß für den Energiestoffwechsel schwimmender Silbermöwen (Larus argentatus)
In the Herring Gull there is a significant linear relation between heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (TANO O2 ). The TANO O2 of swimming gulls at a...
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Cache-Protecting Behavior of Food-Hoarding Animals
Food-hoarding can be distinguished from other types of foraging by two criteria: after capturing or collecting prey, an animal engaged in...
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Gregarines, hemogregarines, and intestinal coccidia
This is the first of three chapters dealing with the phylum Apicomplexa (previously named Sporozoa), all members of which are parasitic.
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Gradients in population fluctuations of Tengmalm's owl Aegolius funereus in Europe
I studied the importance of geographical location, snow cover and food to the fluctuations in 30 breeding populations of Tengmalm's owl ( Aegolius...
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The hearing of an avian predator and its avian prey
Auditory tuning curves of a small songbird, the great tit ( Parus major ), and of its principal avian predator, the European sparrowhawk ( Accipiter...
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A review of the genus Caryospora Léger, 1904 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)
The genus Caryospora (Apicomplexa, Eimeriorina) contains 30 species of coccidia that develop primarily in reptiles and predatory birds. Recent...
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Pesticides and Bird Populations
This chapter reviews the principal impacts upon bird populations of the uses of biocidal chemicals. Of necessity, the coverage is restricted to those...
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Development of Thermoregulation
Animals live in a world in which the ambient temperature may fluctuate over the course of minutes or seasons. The young of various species and of...
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Regulation of Body Temperature
Birds are “homeotherms,” which means that they maintain a relatively constant deep-body temperature (Bligh and Johnson, 1973). Birds are also...
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Energy Metabolism
Birds derive all of their energy from the food that they eat. The regulation of the food intake (gross energy intake) would therefore be a logical...
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The Problem of Avian Extinctions
Studying endangered birds and develo** programs to prevent their extinction have become principal endeavors of bird conservationists worldwide....
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The Evolution of Normal and Reverse Sexual Size Dimorphism in Shorebirds and other Birds
The shorebirds (Charadriiformes: suborders Charadrii and Scolopaci) seem an ideal group for evaluating the role of natural and sexual selection in...
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Respiration
The avian respiratory system is unique among vertebrates in its structure and in the manner by which it accomplishes its main function, that of...
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Sense Organs
The avian eye (Figure 2–1) displays the basic pattern of organization found in all vertebrate eyes (Walls, 1942; Rochon-Duvigneaud, 1943; Duke-Elder,...
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Odd fish abandon mixed-species groups when threatened
In a field experiment, two juvenile size classes of striped parrotfish ( Scarus iserti ), stoplight light parrotfish ( Sparisoma viride ), and ocean...
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Behavioral responses of birds to pesticides and other contaminants
At a symposium, which has been considered as a landmark in environmental concerns, held at the Institute for Terrestrial Ecology in 1965 the...
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The Evolution of Reversed Sexual Dimorphism in Size
Females are larger than males in most species of Falconiformes. This dimorphism can be great: the average weight of a female can be almost twice that...