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Surgical Models of Laboratory Animals
Animal models play a pivotal role in biomedical research. Surgical rodent models are widely used in the preclinical drug discovery process. A...
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Audible pain squeaks can mediate emotional contagion across pre-exposed rats with a potential effect of auto-conditioning
Footshock self-experience enhances rodents’ reactions to the distress of others. Here, we tested one potential mechanism supporting this phenomenon,...
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OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and...
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RPN2 is targeted by miR-181c and mediates glioma progression and temozolomide sensitivity via the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Accumulating evidence indicates that the dysregulation of the miRNAs/mRNA-mediated carcinogenic signaling pathway network is intimately involved in...
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The pH-Sensitive Potassium Channel TASK-1 Is a Chemosensor for Central Respiratory Regulation in Rats
AbstractTWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium channel-1 (TASK-1) is a “leak” potassium channel sensitive to extracellular protons. It contributes to...
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Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cell Basic Research and Potential Applications
Regenerative medicine incorporating stem cells is being extensively studied to develop therapeutics for various incurable diseases. Mesenchymal stem...
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Constructive Neutral Evolution 20 Years Later
Evolution has led to a great diversity that ranges from elegant simplicity to ornate complexity. Many complex features are often assumed to be more...
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Introduction to Cancer Epigenetics
In recent years, many studies have focused on understanding the effects of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms on carcinogenesis, diagnosing the...
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The Origin and Evolution of Mammalian Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on the Facial Myology of Primates and Modern Humans
In this chapter we focus mainly on from where the head and neck muscles arose and how they evolved within the three major extant mammalian clades:...
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The Skull and Head Muscles of Archosauria
Archosaurs is the clade composed by birds (Aves) and crocodiles, alligators, and the gharial (Crocodylia). This relatedness is not obvious and for a...
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Spot light on skeletal muscles: optogenetic stimulation to understand and restore skeletal muscle function
Damage of peripheral nerves results in paralysis of skeletal muscle. Currently, the only treatment option to restore proper function is electrical...
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Evidence for the possible occurrence of Grave’s disease in a blue-eyed black lemur (Eulemur flavifrons)
The blue-eyed black lemur ( Eulemur flavifrons ) is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as critically endangered. A...
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Head and Neck Musculature
In this chapter we describe the head and neck musculature of the bonobos dissected by us and by other previous authors, and compare it with that of...
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Lactic Acid Bacteria and Food-Based Allergy
Food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The symptoms and signs may range from mild to severe. The prevalence of food allergy is...
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Map** brain structure and function: cellular resolution, global perspective
A comprehensive understanding of the brain requires analysis, although from a global perspective, with cellular, and even subcellular, resolution. An...
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The importance of stem cell engineering in head and neck oncology
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth leading cause of cancer worldwide. The most common risk factors are carcinogens (tobacco,...
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Systemic Clinical and Metabolic Diseases
Like other animals pet and companion birds are also prone to systemic illness. This is presented in the form of certain clinical signs and symptoms...
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Complications and Adverse Effects Associated with Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring During Thyroid Surgery Under General Anesthesia
This study covers a large cohort of patients (3,029 cases) who underwent thyroid surgery under intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM). Most common...
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Dosage Effect of Rocuronium on Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Surgery
The effect of different concentrations of rocuronium bromide used for anesthesia induction during thyroid surgery on the intraoperative recurrent...