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Experimental Approaches to Circadian Clock Mechanisms
Several approaches to elucidating the nature of biological clocks, particularly circadian oscillators, have emerged over the years (Edmunds, 1983;...
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Magnetic Orientation in Birds
The magnetic field of the earth provides a very reliable, omnipresent source of spatial information for all living beings. For animals, perceiving...
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Morphogenesis of Peroxisomes in Lipid-Synthesizing Epithelia
The discovery of a fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system in rat liver peroxisomes (1) provided convincing evidence that peroxisomes are engaged in lipid...
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Spider Venoms and Their Effect
In principle, with the exception of some groups of spiders which have no venom glands at all (e.g. Uloboridae and Holarchaea) all spiders with any...
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The Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides
The successful reproduction of any species depends upon the accurate and orderly integration of genetic, biochemical, physiological, developmental,...
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Composition of Alkyl Ether-Linked Phospholipids in Mammalian Tissues
In 1979, the structure of a lipid chemical mediator of hypersensitivity, platelet-activating factor (PAF) (Benveniste et al., 1972), was proposed to...
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Enzymatic Pathways for Platelet-Activating Factor, Related Alkyl Glycerolipids, and Their Precursors
The purpose of this chapter is to provide a succinct overview of the enzymatic reaction steps for alkyl glycerolipids and lipid precursors affiliated...
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Mammalian Evolution at the Cellular Level
The development of new techniques in molecular biology has greatly advanced our understanding of the evolutionary and systematic biology of mammals....
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The prevention of porphyrin loss from tissues during routine histological processing: Quantitative studies on the Harderian gland
The rodent Harderian gland is an important site of porphyrin biosynthesis and storage. Porphyrins are visible at the light and electron microscope...
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Immunophysiology
Immunophysiology is dependent on the presence of immunocompetent and accessory cells. Immunocompetent cells are thymic derived (T) or bursal derived...
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Chloride Cells and Salt Glands
Chloride cells (ionocytes) and salt glands are auxiliary organs of osmoregulation. By the absorption and excretion of ions, they support the limited...
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Scent Glands
Nearly all mammals have highly developed olfactory sensory abilities, as well as physiological and behavioral mechanisms for sending, receiving and...
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The comparative morphology and evolution of the eyes of caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona)
Caecilians (Amphibia, Gymnophiona) have been reported to have ‘vestigial’ eyes, to lack some or all of the extrinsic eye muscles and their nerves,...
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The Metabolism and Functions of Methionine
Met has three ubiquitous functions: it is utilized in protein synthesis, and, via its metabolite, AdoMet, it serves as a methyl donor in...
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Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and acyl-CoAs to long chain aldehydes and alcohols
The properties of enzymatic systems involved in the synthesis of long chain aldehydes and alcohols have been reviewed. Fatty acid and acyl-CoA...
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Aggressive Behavior
The study of aggressive behavior in hamsters has focused on five major areas and this chapter is organized accordingly. The first topic involves a...
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Pineal—Reproductive Interactions
The Syrian hamster has been an extremely valuable experimental animal for clarifying the role of the pineal gland in the control of reproductive...
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Communication
In this chapter, I concentrate on the analysis of specific signals and their behavioral functions. More integrative treatments concerning sexual and...
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Ether-Linked Glycerolipids and Their Bioactive Species:Enzymes and Metabolic Regulation
The pioneering studies of those scientists who first discovered (1915–1924) and ultimately identified the precise nature of the chemical structure of...
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Pineal melatonin rhythms in the lizardAnolis carolinensis: effects of light and temperature cycles
Pineal and ocular melatonin was assessed, over 24 h periods, in male lizards ( Anolis carolinensis ) entrained to 24 h light-dark (LD) cycles and a...