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Mouse Models of Cell Cycle Regulators: New Paradigms
In yeast, a single cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is able to regulate diverse cell cycle transitions (S and M phases) by associating with multiple... -
Sterol Endocytosis and Trafficking in Plant Cells
Structural sterols are integral components of biological membranes. They regulate membrane permeability and fluidity, and they influence the... -
Comparison of Molecular Mechanisms of Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model system to understand the mechanisms regulating plant embryogenesis. The morphological and... -
Extracellular Guidance Cues and Intracellular Signaling Pathways that Direct Pollen Tube Growth
Fertilization in flowering plants requires that a pollen tube deliver two sperm to the female gametes, which develop in ovules buried deep within... -
SNAREs in Plant Endocytosis and the Post-Golgi Traffic
In eukaryotic cells, the transport vesicles carry various cargo proteins from a donor compartment to a target compartment, and discharge the cargo... -
Plant Vacuoles: from Biogenesis to Function
The plant vacuolar system is far more complex than originally expected and multiple sorting pathways leading to various types of vacuoles can be... -
Endocytosis in Guard Cells
Stomatal movement requires large and repetitive changes to cell volume and consequently surface area. These alterations in surface area are... -
Endocytosis and Actomyosin Cytoskeleton
Mutual interactions between actin and endocytic assembly machineries are essential for successful clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yeast and... -
Endocytosis and Membrane Recycling in Pollen Tubes
In plants, tip-growing cells are an ideal system to investigate signal transduction mechanisms and, among these, pollen tubes are one of the... -
Plant Prevacuolar Compartments and Endocytosis
Prevacuolar compartments (PVCs) are membrane-bound organelles mediating protein traffic from both Golgi and plasma membrane to vacuoles in... -
Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis
Both the cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and actin microfilaments as well as cell wall components such as arabinogalactan proteins and... -
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
Ions play a crucial role in the control of pollen tube growth. In this review we focus on four that seem especially important: calcium (Ca... -
Comparative Analysis of Biological Models used in the Study of Pollen Tube Growth
The mechanisms of pollen tube growth have been studied in a wide variety of plant species. Since the 1990s, with the explosion of molecular... -
Gametic Embryogenesis in Triticum: a Study of Some Critical Factors in Haploid (Microspore) Embryogenesis
This review of embryogenesis from microspores in two types of wheat examines the influences of various procedures used to induce and produce... -
The Roles of Chromatin Remodelling Factors in Replication
Dynamic changes of chromatin structure control DNA-dependent events, including DNA replication. Along with DNA, chromatin organization must be... -
Structure and Function of Protein Modules in Chromatin Biology
Chromatin-mediated gene transcription or silencing is a dynamic process in which binding of various proteins or protein complexes can displace... -
Energy metabolism, anti-oxidant defense and aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Food restriction and impaired gene function by mutation or RNAi treatment can extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans considerably. In contrast... -
Do green plants age, and if so, how?
Time-dependent ageing-like processes in green plants are discussed and compared to gerontological changes in animals and other organisms. The... -
Conditional senescence in prokaryotes
Bacteria are immortal in the sense that their capacity for reproduction appears limitless as long as the environment supports growth. However, this... -
10 Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism in mammalian cell signalling
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite implicated in the regulation of vital biological processes. Ample evidence...