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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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Plant salt tolerance
Soil salinity adversely affects crop productivity and quality. The success of breeding programs aimed at salinity tolerant crop varieties is limited...
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Taxonomy and phylogenetic diversity among the yeasts
Yeasts are among the economically and scientifically most important eukaryotic microorganisms known. At present, there are 1,500 recognized species,...
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Genome evolution: Lessons from Genolevures
In the past years, yeast genome-sequencing programs have been widely developed. Two of them, namely Genolevures I and II, were devoted to the...
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Structural features of fungal genomes
Eighteen fungal genomes have been sequenced to date from a variety of taxonomic groups, with fifteen Ascomycota, two Basidomycota and one...
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Comparison of Molecular Mechanisms of Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model system to understand the mechanisms regulating plant embryogenesis. The morphological and...
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Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis
Both the cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and actin microfilaments as well as cell wall components such as arabinogalactan proteins and...
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Gametic Embryogenesis in Triticum: a Study of Some Critical Factors in Haploid (Microspore) Embryogenesis
This review of embryogenesis from microspores in two types of wheat examines the influences of various procedures used to induce and produce...
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Comparative genomics and gene finding in fungi
In the spring of 2005, we had access to 18 fully sequenced fungal genomes, and more are coming rapidly. New approaches and methods are being...
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Molecular responses of higher plants to dehydration
A massive amount of data has been accumulating on the molecular responses of plants to water deficit. In plants, dehydration activates a protective...
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Heavy metal signalling in plants: linking cellular and organismic responses
Heavy metals are required in plants as essential micronutrients or act as toxic compounds. How do plants perceive heavy metals and which signalling...
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Introduction
Everywhere in the world, environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Besides plant-specific endogenous...
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Lager brewing yeast
Lager brewing yeast is a group of closely related strains of Saccharomyces pastorianus/S. carlsbergensis used for lager beer production all over the...
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Molecular genetics of genotoxic stress signalling in plants
Cells are under constant threat by endogenous and exogenous factors affecting DNA integrity. In response, complex signalling networks are activated...
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Oxidative stress signalling
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the generation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. ROS are produced during...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut
Somatic embryogenesis is an important biotechnological tool that demonstrates significant benefits when applied to forest tree species; clonal...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus nigra Arn.: Some Physiological, Structural and Molecular Aspects
In this chapter we summarize different aspects of Pinus nigra somatic embryogenesis including initiation, maintenance and maturation on both solid...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don: Gene for Phytosulfokine (PSK) Precursor
Genetic transformation requires a reproducible system for the regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. We established...
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In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos
Arabidopsis thaliana is currently the most important model organism for basic molecular plant research. It is also a favourable model for...