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Architecture and Identity During the Cold War: Formation of the East–West Division
Berlin’s Cold War period is potently symbolised by the Wall, which represented not only a spatial division within one city but rather a deep-rooted...
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Arctic Economy
The authors introduce the concept of the Arctic economy as an absolutely special phenomenon that differs from both the neighboring northern and the...
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Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Hard urban surfaces (concrete and asphalt) absorb solar radiation and re-radiate it as heat; and industry, transport and air-conditioning release...
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The Outer Hebrides and St Kilda
The Outer Hebrides PlatformOuter Hebrides Platform (OHP) extends west from the present island chain towards the Atlantic continental shelfContinental...
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Climate and Climate Change
China has diverse climate types and is a typical monsoon country. It is significantly affected by the East Asian monsoon, the southwest monsoon, and...
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The Italian Peninsula
Despite the southern latitude and relatively low mountain elevations, the Italian Peninsula preserves a wide range of periglacial landforms. Most of...
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Spatio-temporal Variations of Sea Surface Wind in Coral Reef Regions over the South China Sea from 1988 to 2017
The seasonal and interannual variabilities of sea surface wind (SSW) in the South China Sea (SCS), especially in coral reef regions such as Nansha...
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Levels of Landscape Resilience
In the second chapter, the levels of landscape resilience are presented and explained: The given resilience describes the natural initial conditions...
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The North European Plain
North European Plain (NEP) spreads from the Belgium and Dutch coast through Germany and Denmark to the eastern parts of Poland. NEP can be divided...
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Part I: ZB VI—Zonobiome of Winter Bare Deciduous Forests or Temperate Nemoral Climate
A temperate climate zone, the zonobiome VI, with a distinct but not too long cold season is clearly developed almost only in the northern hemisphere....
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Spatiotemporal variation of land surface temperature and its driving factors in **njiang, China
Land surface temperature (LST) directly affects the energy balance of terrestrial surface systems and impacts regional resources, ecosystem...
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Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization
Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues, and are a common concern for...
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Status and perspectives of blue economy sectors across the Macaronesian archipelagos
The global economy is increasingly focusing on the Oceans to meet its needs, for which maritime spatial planning is being fostered to promote this is...
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Wind and Precipitation in Cities
Urbanization affects not only temperature but also wind and precipitation. Urban winds are influenced by high surface friction, weak stability of the...
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Part B: Ecological Basis (Synecology)
The climate of a site determines its vegetation. But the assumption often made that the distribution of plant species is directly caused by site...
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Influence of Weather and Climatic Conditions on Health Adaptation to the Marine Climate of Russian Regions
Adaptation to the marine climate of Russian regions The chapter contains medical characteristics of the marine climate in the Black, Caspian and...
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The effect of coral reef degradation on the trophic structure of reef fishes from Bahía Culebra, North Pacific coast of Costa Rica
Fishes play numerous key ecological roles that are critical for maintaining the structure and function of coral reefs. Natural and anthropogenic...
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Pyro-Geography of the Greek Landscape
Greece is endowed with a multitude of Mediterranean-type vegetated ecosystems, ranging from low shrubs and coniferous woodlands on coastal sites to...
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Part F: ZB III: Zonobiome of Hot Deserts or Subtropical Arid Climate
Deserts together account for more than 35% of the Earth’s solid surface. In the subtropical desert zone, in zonobiome III, there is no cold winter...
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Outline of the Geography and Climate of Japan
An overview of the geography and climate of Japan is provided. Japan consists of four main islands ranging from 30°N to 46°N, and many smaller...