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I-type and S-type granites in the Earth’s earliest continental crust
The composition and origin of Earth’s earliest continental crust remains enigmatic due to the absence of Hadean (>4 Ga) age rocks. Here we address...
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The low permeability of the Earth’s Precambrian crust
The large volume of deep groundwater in the Precambrian crust has only recently been understood to be relatively hydrogeologically isolated from the...
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How lowermost mantle viscosity controls the chemical structure of Earth’s deep interior
Determining the fate of subducted oceanic crust is critical for understanding material cycling through Earth’s deep interior and sources of mantle...
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Formation of silicic crust on early Earth and young planetary bodies in an Iceland-like setting
Four billion years ago, Earth’s surface was covered with a thick basaltic crust and, similar to other rocky planets and the Moon, parts of this...
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Underplated melts control sulfide segregation at the continental crust-mantle transition
Exposures of the Earth’s crust-mantle transition are scarce, thus, limiting our knowledge about the formation of subcontinental underplate cumulates,...
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Estimation of the orientation of stress in the Earth’s crust without earthquake or borehole data
Mechanical stress acting in the Earth’s crust is a fundamental property that is important for a wide range of scientific and engineering...
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Light oxygen isotopic composition in deep mantle reveals oceanic crust subduction before 3.3 billion years ago
Compositional heterogeneity exists in Earth’s deep mantle, which can be caused by the subduction of oceanic slabs. How early this process started on...
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Mineral evolution facilitated Earth’s oxidation
Oxygenation events remarkably altered the distribution, diversity, and abundance of minerals on Earth’s surface. However, the causality in the...
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The ephemeral history of Earth’s youngest supra-subduction zone type ophiolite from Timor
Ophiolites occur widely in orogenic belts, yet their origins remain controversial. Here we present a modern example with a geodynamic model from...
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Mantle-to-crust metal transfer by nanomelts
The transfer of chalcophile metals across the continental lithosphere has been traditionally modeled based on their chemical equilibrium partitioning...
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Slab-derived fluid storage in the crust elucidated by earthquake swarm
Slab-derived fluids control crustal dynamics in the subduction zone. However, the slab-derived fluid budget has never been quantified beyond a...
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Recycled carbonates elevate the electrical conductivity of deeply subducting eclogite in the Earth’s interior
The elevated pressure and temperature conditions encountered by a subducted slab entering the deep Earth can substantially alter the chemical...
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Direct evidence for crust-mantle differentiation in the late Hadean
Constraints on the evolution of the silicate Earth between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago are limited by the scarcity of pristine geological material...
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Biosignatures of ancient microbial life are present across the igneous crust of the Fennoscandian shield
Earth’s crust contains a substantial proportion of global biomass, hosting microbial life up to several kilometers depth. Yet, knowledge of the...
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Hydrothermal ferromanganese oxides around a petit-spot volcano on old and cold oceanic crust
Areas of old and cold oceanic plate lack conventional volcanism and have been assumed to be devoid of submarine hydrothermal activity. However,...
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Solar noble gases in an iron meteorite indicate terrestrial mantle signatures derive from Earth’s core
Noble gases are important tracers of planetary accretion and acquisition of volatiles to planetary atmospheres and interiors. Earth’s mantle hosts...
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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in coastal surface sediments of the Mersin Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea
AbstractHeavy metals accumulated in the sediment constitute a potential source of pollution having a higher pollutant load than the overlying...
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Massive crustal carbon mobilization and emission driven by India underthrusting Asia
The active Himalayan-Tibetan orogen, where India underthrusts into Asia, is an important geological source of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission into...
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Earth’s gravity from space
Satellite gravimetry began with the launch of the satellites Sputnik 1 and 2 in 1957. During the following 43 years, more and more details were...
