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Intercontinental Transport of Ozone from Tropical Biomass Burning
Photochemically reactive gases released by fires (e.g., NO, CO, hydrocarbons) interact as they do in an urban environment to form ozone. There has...
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Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibres
Pollutants in an indoor environment are a complex mixture of gases, vapours and particles in either the liquid or the solid phase, suspended in the...
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Air Pollution Export from and Import to Europe: Experimental Evidence
The intercontinental transport of air pollutants from and to Europe is described in detail. The major focus is on the import of air pollution from...
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Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources
The basic biological principles of the perception mechanisms for odour and irritants are fairly well understood. Much more uncertain is how these...
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Air Pollution Export from and Import to North America: Experimental Evidence
North America (Canada and the USA) contains only 5% of the world’s population but accounts for 15–23% of the world’s emissions in terms of trace...
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The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry
An overview of the role of musk and musk compounds in the fragrance industry is given. Discovery and syntheses of representatives occurring naturally...
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Estuary of the Danube
The Danube is the second largest major European river, with a huge estuary located in two countries: Ukraine and Romania. The Danube watershed...
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The Mackenzie Estuary of the Arctic Ocean
The Mackenzie Estuary is a seasonally ice covered, deltaic estuary. It receives over 300 km3 of freshwater and 125 × 106 t of sediment annually...
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Environmental Quality of the Po River Delta
The Po River collects the discharges of the most populated and industrialized area of Northern Italy and enters the Adriatic Sea with a mean flow...
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The Nile Estuary
The River Nile, the most famous river of the ancient world, is the dominant geographic feature of northeastern Africa and the longest river on...
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Biogeochemistry and Chemical Contamination in the St. Lawrence Estuary
The many contrasting environments one finds in the St. Lawrence estuary make it attractive for the study of estuarine biogeochemical processes....
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...
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Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems
This chapter compiles some data on the occurrence and fate of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment of Berlin, Germany. The city of...
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Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air
For the first time, the presence of synthetic musks is confirmed and investigated in air samples. New analytical methods are described developed for...
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Recent Studies Conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process
Although the environmental risk assessments for the nitro musks, musk ketone and musk xylene, and the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, showed that...
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Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Due to the fact that both nitro and polycyclic musk fragrances and their metabolites are not readily biodegradable in most sewage treatment plants...
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Synthetic Musks in Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
Musk compounds are widely spread environmental pollutants. Musk compounds were found in aquatic organisms from the North Sea, in rivers, lakes and...
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Intercontinental Transport of Dust: Historical and Recent Observational Evidence
The scientific examination of the intercontinental dust transport has a long history, a vigorous present, and a promising future. Unlike the study of...
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Characteristics of Atmospheric Transport of Air Pollution for Africa
The African continent is an important source of atmospheric constituents including both trace gases and aerosols. Emissions from Africa impact on at...