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  1. Human Physical Stresses at Normal and Abnormal Cabin Pressures

    Atmospheric pressure is reduced as a function of altitude, thus making hypoxia, the condition of oxygen deficiency, a concern for aviation. The...
    Chapter
  2. Occupational and Public Health Risks

    Symptoms reported by passengers and crewmembers on commercial aircraft are described according to individual air quality-related sources,...
    Chapter
  3. Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards

    Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of...
    Chapter
  4. The Tail of Two Rivers in Tasmania: The Derwent and Huon Estuaries

    The Derwent and Huon Rivers are two relatively small river systems in the southeast of Tasmania (Australia). They terminate in estuaries that are...
    Edward C. V. Butler in Estuaries
    Chapter
  5. The Sacca di Goro Lagoon and an Arm of the Po River

    The Po di Volano canal–Sacca di Goro lagoon is a small hydrographic system partially located in the southern part of the Po River Delta. The total...
    Pierluigi Viaroli, Gianmarco Giordani, ... Elisa A. Fano in Estuaries
    Chapter
  6. Geochemistry of the Amazon Estuary

    The Amazon River supplies more freshwater to the ocean than any other river in the world. This enormous volume of freshwater forces the estuarine...
    Joseph M. Smoak, James M. Krest, Peter W. Swarzenski in Estuaries
    Chapter
  7. Role of Particle Sorption Properties in the Behavior and Speciation of Trace Metals in Macrotidal Estuaries: The Cadmium Example

    The role of particles in the fate and speciation of trace metals in macrotidal estuaries was studied using a surface complexation model (MOCO)....
    J.-L. Gonzalez, B. Thouvenin, ... B. Boutier in Estuaries
    Chapter
  8. Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries

    About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
    Kalpana Balakrishnan, Padmavathi Ramaswamy, Sambandam Sankar in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  9. Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites

    Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
    Hans Schleibinger, Reinhard Keller, Henning Rüden in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  10. Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments

    Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
    Werner Butte in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  11. Risk Evaluation of Dietary and Dermal Exposure to Musk Fragrances

    Synthetic musk compounds comprising nitro musks, polycyclic musks and macrocyclic musks are used in fragrances which are added to a variety of...
    Premysl Slanina in Series Anthropogenic Compounds
    Chapter
  12. Synthetic Musks in Bioindicators: Monitoring Data of Fish and Human Milk Samples from the Czech Republic

    Until the middle of the 1990s, no attention was paid to the pollution of the environment in Czech Republic by synthetic musk fragrances and to the...
    Jana Hajšlová, Lucie Šetková in Series Anthropogenic Compounds
    Chapter
  13. Synthetic Musks in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sediment, and Sewage Sludge

    Nitro musk and polycyclic musk fragrances accumulate in solid matters of the aquatic environment. They are analyzed by extraction with an organic...
    Cornelia Fooken in Series Anthropogenic Compounds
    Chapter
  14. Enantioselective Analysis of Polycyclic Musks as a Versatile Tool for the Understanding of Environmental Processes

    In this chapter the application of enantioselective chromatography to process studies related to the microbial, enzymatic and photochemical...
    Heinrich Hühnerfuss, Scarlett Biselli, Robert Gatermann in Series Anthropogenic Compounds
    Chapter
  15. Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment

    Synthetic musks are being transformed to intermediates or relatively stable metabolites that may exhibit a strong potential for environmental harm....
    Scarlett Biselli, Robert Gatermann, ... Heinrich Hühnerfuss in Series Anthropogenic Compounds
    Chapter
  16. Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction

    This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
    Andreas Stohl, Sabine Eckhardt in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  17. Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic

    Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
    Jan W. Bottenheim, Ashu Dastoor, ... Yi-Fan Li in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  18. Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport

    The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...
    Terry J. Keating, J. Jason West, Alexander E. Farrell in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  19. Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport

    A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
    Martin G. Schultz, Isabelle Bey in Air Pollution
    Chapter
  20. Disruptive Behaviour (“Air Rage”): Possible Aetiology

    The incidence of disruptive behaviour by passengers in civil aircraft is unknown due to under-reporting. The theoretical pathophysiology is...
    Chapter
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