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Exploring Monetary Systems
Modern monetary system are complex social constructs. Monetary aggregates—which serve as medium exchange and as a store of value—are all denominated...
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Endogenous Money, Liquidity Preference and Interest Rates
Do interest rates reflect the state of the economy, or is it rather the opposite? Why do we need interest rates in the first place? Why are there so...
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Sustainability and the Road to Sovereign Money
This chapter scrutinizes the dual-circuit nature of money circulation in reserve banking systems, advocating for a single-circuit sovereign money...
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Where-To Money
These are indeed perilous times. The worst can happen. In this chapter, we shall observe (i) where does money go in a Stock Market Crash, (ii) the...
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Analysis of financial development and open innovation oriented fintech potential for emerging economies using an integrated decision-making approach of MF-X-DMA and golden cut bipolar q-ROFSs
The purpose of the paper is to identify the factors of financial development that have the greatest impact on open innovation in 7 emerging...
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Peel’s Economic-Policy Regime Change in Britain During the Early Nineteenth Century
This chapter outlines Sir Robert Peel’s overall economic policies and their aim, to ensure low and stable food prices to both satisfy the labouring...
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Future Challenges: CBDC and Greening Monetary Policy
The Central Bank Digital Currency will open up the possibility for anyone to hold central bank money in digital format. The introduction of a CBDC is...
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On the role of Islamic banks in the monetary policy transmission in Saudi Arabia
Even though a significant strand of the literature has examined the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in a conventional framework, very...
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ANFA: Euro Money Creation by the Member States
Membership in the European Monetary Union (EMU) is characterized by an automaticity. In this way, the member states whose currency is the euro...
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The 1857–1858 Crisis
This chapter shows how the 1857–1858 crisis arose from interest-rate movements and a sudden halt in capital flows. The effect of the British...
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A study of financial cycles and the macroeconomy in Taiwan
This paper studies the characteristics of financial cycles (credit and house prices) and their interactions with business cycles in Taiwan. We employ...
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Speculative Capital
Derivatives are speculative capital, not fictitious capital, like most of the Marxists think. We analyse the difference between these two forms of...
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Private Banks
Let us first summarise the most critical tasks, divisions and functions of commercial banks: concentration of savings and investment services...
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What Is Money?
Very few social institutions are as essential to the functioning of human societies as money. Money can be compared to the oil in the engine of the...
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Money, Credit, and Commanding the Societal Heights
Within the original American Constitution, the only responsibility the federal government had with respect to money was to combat counterfeiting. The...
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Colonial Monetary Systems
The British North America colonies were under-monetized, bank-structure constrained, and undeveloped in their ability to produce import substitutes....
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From Community Bank to Solidarity Fintech: The Case of Palmas e-Dinheiro in Brazil
This chapter aims to present a case study on an innovative experience involving a solidarity fintech called Palmas e-Dinheiro, and its role in...
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Roadmap for Withdrawal from the Euro: Technical Preparation, Legal and Practical Implementation from the Perspective of a Withdrawing State
A Plan B as a reaction to the past sovereign debt crises, the current account imbalances, the partly extremely high TARGET2 balances, the EU credit...
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Financing Environment in Cross-Border Regions
Since 2010, the People’s Bank of China has issued several documents requiring improvement in financial services to small and medium-sized enterprises...