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A review of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) with an emphasis on the co-seismic crustal deformation analysis
An automatic, transparent, and regular way to investigate and analyze the spatiotemporal variations in a large, unstructured, and high-dimensional...
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Spatiotemporal subsidence feature decomposition and hotspot identification
Subsidence occurs from excessive groundwater drawdown, but varies in response to underlying hydrogeologic conditions, land use factors, and...
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A novel ionospheric map** function modeling at regional scale using empirical orthogonal functions and GNSS data
The ionospheric map** function (MF) converts the line-of-sight slant total electron content (STEC) into the vertical total electron content (VTEC)...
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Regional model of foF2 for Pakistan using empirical orthogonal function technique
The ionosphere F2 layer is principally used for the reflection of radio waves in high-frequency communication and broadcasting. The ionosphere is...
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Calculation, visualization, and interpretation of three-dimensional atmosphere-ocean coupled empirical orthogonal functions using the reanalyses data
Three-dimensional (3D) empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are computed and presented for two cases: (i) an atmospheric 3D EOF using the...
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Empirical Orthogonal Maps (EOM) and Principal Spatial Patterns: Illustration for Octopus Distribution Off Mauritania Over the Period 1987–2017
Analysis of spatiotemporal observations often leads to decomposition of the problem into a spatial part multiplied by a temporal part...
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Significant wave height forecasts integrating ensemble empirical mode decomposition with sequence-to-sequence model
As wave height is an important parameter in marine climate measurement, its accurate prediction is crucial in ocean engineering. It also plays an...
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Empirical Data Assimilation for Merging Total Electron Content Data with Empirical and Physical Models
An accurate estimation of ionospheric variables such as the total electron content (TEC) is important for many space weather, communication, and...
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Spatial distribution characteristics of drought disasters in Hunan Province of China from 1644 to 1911 based on EOF and REOF methods
Under the background of climate warming, drought disasters occur frequently in China, especially in the Central China. In this study, drought...
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Empirical Orthogonal Functions
This chapter describes the idea behind, and develops the theory of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) along with a historical perspective. It also...
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Empirical orthogonal function analysis and modeling of global ionospheric spherical harmonic coefficients
We developed a global empirical model for computing spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and...
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Spatio-temporal variability of surface chlorophyll a in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea based on reconstructions of satellite data of 2001–2020
Chlorophyll- a (Chl- a ) concentration is a primary indicator for marine environmental monitoring. The spatio-temporal variations of sea surface Chl- a ...
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Analysis of the regional spectral properties in northwestern South China Sea based on an empirical orthogonal function
This study presents an analysis of the spectral characteristics of remote sensing reflectance ( R rs ) in northwestern South China Sea based on the in...
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Climate Variability of Air Temperature and Its Warming Trends in the Arabian Gulf
Over a 41-year period (1979–2019), the climate of the Arabian Gulf (Gulf) exhibited notable variability. This variation, influenced by mesoscale and...
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Analysis of drought characteristics and comparison of historical typical years with 2022 drought in the Yangtze River Basin
In 2022, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) experienced an unprecedented drought with long-term, large-scale, and severe consequences for agriculture,...
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Precipitation anomalies over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during Bay of Bengal Storm double-peak periods
The Bay of Bengal Storm (BBS) frequently occurs during the “double-peak periods” in (1) May (pre-peak period) and (2) October to November (post-peak...
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Current Model Analysis of South China Sea Based on Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Decomposition and Prototype Monitoring Data
Environmental load is the primary factor in the design of offshore engineering structures and ocean current is the principal environmental load that...
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Basis functions for shallow-water temperature profiles based on the internal-wave eigenmodes
The shallow-water temperature profile is typically parameterized using a few empirical orthogonal function (EOF) coefficients. However, when the...
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Spatiotemporal changes of the aridity index in **njiang over the past 60 years
The Aridity Index (AI), calculated from 99 homogeneous meteorological stations from 1961 to 2020, was used to analyze the variation of...
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Spatiotemporal variations of parameters of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea
The dynamic parameters for internal solitary waves (ISWs) derived from the extended Korteweg-de Vries (eKdV) equation play an important role in the...