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The Origin and Main Trends in the Evolution of Bilaterally Symmetrical Animals
AbstractThis paper has been written from the standpoint of the phylogenetic tetrad method which includes comparative anatomy, evolutionary...
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Origin of Echinodermata
AbstractThe common ancestor of Ambulacraria was a mobile bilaterally symmetrical organism. Its body was subdivided into a preoral (proboscis) region,...
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Report of Epibiotic Suctorian Ciliate Acineta karamani on Calanoid Copepod from the Southeastern Arabian Sea
Acineta karamani , a suctorian ciliate, previously known from the freshwater shrimp in Yugoslavia and southwestern Bay of Bengal was discovered in...
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Unravelling the Evolution of Bryozoan Larvae
AbstractThe medium-sized lophotrochozoan phylum Bryozoa demonstrates a surprisingly wide range of larval forms. Few zygoparous species from the class...
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Significance of Symmetry Features for the Classification of Anthozoa
AbstractAnalysis of symmetry forms, which were studied mainly based on the material of sea anemones and other skeletonless representatives of...
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First Report of Stranded By-the-wind Sailor from Coastal Areas of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
The free-floating anthoathecate hydrozoan species Velella velella (Linnaeus 1758) is commonly known as by-the-wind sailor. The typical morphological...
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Lophophore Evolution from the Cambrian to the Present
AbstractCurrently there is no unified view on the evolution of the brachiopod lophophore. In order to combine views of paleontologists and...
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Pigment Distribution and Secretion in the Mantle of the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
The color of Mollusca shells is one of the most important attributes to consumers. At the cellular level, black color is mainly from the melanin...
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Proteomic analysis provides insights into the function of Polian vesicles in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus post-evisceration
The Polian vesicle is the main accessory structure in the water vascular system of sea cucumbers. It can function to hold water vascular fluid under...
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Morphology and Anatomy of the Pearl Oyster, Pinctada margaritifera in the Red Sea: A Case Study from Dungonab Bay, Sudan
The black-lip-mother of pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera has special economic value in Dungonab Bay (Sudan). It has been cultivated in the area...
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The Internal Structure of Agnatha and Origin of Vertebrates Including Humanity
AbstractAgnatha are archaic vertebrates that appeared in the Earth’s biosphere in the early Paleozoic (Ordovician), earlier than fishes. The paper...
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Bugulidae Species along the Aegean Coast of Turkey
Along the Turkish coast, Bugulidae family represented with tree valid genera, Bugula , Bugulina and Crisularia , contains mostly common fouling species...
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Developmental Dynamics of the Larval Muscle System of Bay Scallop (Argopecten irradians)
Though the larval development of bivalves has been extensively studied for commercial purposes, the dynamic development of larval muscle system...
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A new cornute (Homalozoa: Echinodermata) from the uppermost Middle Cambrian (stage 3, Furongian) from Northern Iran: Its systematics and functional morphology
A new rare nearly bilaterally symmetrical cornute from the Mila Formation, upper Middle–early Late Cambrian (Series 3, Furongian) from northern Iran...
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Arms versus brachioles: Morphogenetic basis of similarity and differences in food-gathering appendages of pelmatozoan echinoderms
The similarity in the skeleton model of the brachiolar food-gathering system of Blastozoa and the arm system of Crinozoa, including the apical growth...
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Corals
Corals belong to Phylum Cnidaria (Ni-dá-ri-a: corals, sea anemones, hydra, jellyfish, sea fans, and the Portuguese man-of-war) that contain stinging...
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Morphogenesis in the individual and historical development of marine post-Paleozoic Tubuliporida (bryozoa, Stenolaemata)
The principal features of the morphogenesis in the individual and historical development of marine post-Paleozoic bryozoans of the order Tubuliporida...
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The Gelatinous Macroplankton Community at the Hatoma Knoll Hydrothermal Vent
A series of dives around the Hatoma Knoll, Okinawa Trough, have revealed a diverse community of gelatinous midwater animals. Many of these animals...
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Hydroid Gonothyraea loveni found on the straightnose pipefish (Nerophis ophidion) in the Gulf of Gdańsk — symbiosis, parasitism or biofouling?
Straightnose pipefish ( Nerophis ophidion ), covered with hydroid Gonothyraea loveni , were caught in August 2010 near Gdynia while fishing with fyke...
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Molecular cloning and characterization of SoxB2 gene from Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri
The Sox proteins play critical roles during the development of animals, including sex determination and central nervous system development. In this...