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Different physics but similar dependence of runout distance with discharge rate: the duality of pyroclastic density currents
We address emplacement mechanisms of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) through relationships between their runout distance and mass discharge rate...
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Assessing the Pyroclastic Density Current Hazards at Merapi: From Field Data to Numerical Simulations and Hazard Maps
Merapi is considered as the most active and the most frequently eruptive volcano in Indonesia and is responsible for more than 5200 casualties since...
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How well do concentric radii approximate population exposure to volcanic hazards?
Effective risk management requires accurate assessment of population exposure to volcanic hazards. Assessment of this exposure at the large-scale has...
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An Overview of the Large-Magnitude (VEI 4) Eruption of Merapi in 2010
The VEI 4 eruption in 2010 was the worst volcanic disaster at Merapi in 80 years.The unusual size and dynamics of the eruption, the rapid...
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Distal Pyroclastic Current Deposits of the 79 AD Vesuvius Eruption on the Mountains Adjacent to the Campanian Plain
Literature data show that the two most widespread Vesuvius 79 AD pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) have been traced over a large area around the...
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The Scientific Discovery of Merapi: From Ancient Javanese Sources to the 21st Century
Merapi is Indonesia’s most active volcano and one of the most iconic volcanoes worldwide. Renowned for its almost continuous eruptive activity and...
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The Role of the White Pumice Clasts in the 79 AD Vesuvius Post-plinian PDC Deposits
Large explosive eruptions often generate compositionally zoned ignimbrites that provide evidence for the vertical stratification in the magma chamber...
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Subaerial Pyroclastic Density Currents (Pyroclastic Flows and Surges)
Explosive eruptions can produce a spectrum of pyroclastic density currents (pdcs) which we describe in this chapter. Pdcs are potentially the most...
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Physical Environment and Human Context at Merapi Volcano: A Complex Balance Between Accessing Livelihoods and Co** with Volcanic Hazards
Merapi is a two-sided, paradoxical volcano: on the one hand 1.8 million people live on its flanks. It is one of the most densely populated volcanoes...
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Cohesional behaviours in pyroclastic material and the implications for deposit architecture
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are hazardous, multiphase currents of heterogeneous volcanic material and gas. Moisture (as liquid or gas) can...
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Late Quaternary explosive phonolitic volcanism of Petite-Terre (Mayotte, Western Indian Ocean)
We studied four Quaternary volcanic phonolitic explosive edifices on Petite-Terre Island (Mayotte, Comoros Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean) to...
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Calibration strategies of PDC kinetic energy models and their application to the construction of hazard maps
The availability of computer tools able to describe the behavior of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) with uncertainty quantification is of primary...
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Magma chamber stratification of the 1815 Tambora caldera-forming eruption
The eruption of the Tambora volcano in 1815 was initiated by two precursory Plinian falls and formed two generations of pyroclastic density current...
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Validation of a two-layer depth-averaged model by comparison with an experimental dilute stratified pyroclastic density current
Numerical results of a two-layer depth-averaged model of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) were compared with an experimental PDC generated at the...
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Dynamic pressure evolution within the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens pyroclastic density current: evidence from tree damage
The effects of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) can be devastating, so understanding their internal dynamics and evolution is important for hazard...
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Multidisciplinary Study of the Impacts of the 1600 CE Huaynaputina Eruption and a Project for Geosites and Geo-touristic Attractions
The Huaynaputina volcano, southern Peru, was the site of the largest historical eruption (VEI 6) in the Andes in 1600 CE, which occurred during the...
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Mid-Holocene lateral collapse of Antuco volcano (Chile): debris avalanche deposit features, emplacement dynamics, and impacts
Antuco (37.4°S, 71.4°W; Chile) is a dominantly basaltic stratovolcano whose original ~ 3300 m altitude main cone experienced a catastrophic sector...
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Magnetic fabrics of rhyolite ignimbrites reveal complex emplacement dynamics of pyroclastic density currents, an example from the Altenberg–Teplice Caldera, Bohemian Massif
The Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) is commonly used to infer the flow dynamics, source areas, and post-emplacement processes of...
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Multiphase flow behaviour and hazard prediction of pyroclastic density currents
Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) are dangerous multiphase flows originating from volcanic eruptions. PDCs cause more than a third of volcanic...
