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Mitochondrial DNA-triggered innate immune response: mechanisms and diseases
Various cellular stress conditions trigger mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release from mitochondria into the cytosol. The released mtDNA is sensed by the...
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CD97 negatively regulates the innate immune response against RNA viruses by promoting RNF125-mediated RIG-I degradation
The G protein-coupled receptor ADGRE5 (CD97) binds to various metabolites that play crucial regulatory roles in metabolism. However, its function in...
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Changes in the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 with advancing age in humans
BackgroundAdvancing age is a major risk factor for respiratory viral infections. The infections are often prolonged and difficult to resolve...
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The mouse retinal pigment epithelium mounts an innate immune defense response following retinal detachment
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains photoreceptor viability and function, completes the visual cycle, and forms the outer blood-retinal...
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Innate immune response in patients with acute Chikungunya disease
Chikungunya disease (CHIKD) is an arbovirose that presents with high morbidity, mainly due to arthralgia. Inflammatory mediators including IL-6,...
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Cardinal features of immune memory in innate lymphocytes
The ability of vertebrates to ‘remember’ previous infections had once been attributed exclusively to adaptive immunity. We now appreciate that innate...
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Innate Immune Response and Inflammasome Activation During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 outbreak, has become a pandemic threatening millions of lives worldwide. Recently,...
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Ovalbumin promotes innate immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans through DAF-16 and SKN-1 pathways in insulin/IGF-1 signaling
Ovalbumin (OVA) is a major allergen in eggs and could induce severe allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, where the innate immune system works...
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Systemic Oncosphere: Host Innate Immune System
Immune system has been known as the “predator” of cancer cells. Their original function is the prey upon non-self-cells, including during infections...
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Vexed mutations promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons through excessive activation of the innate immune response
The hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the brain. However, little is known about why DA neurons are...
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Map** interindividual dynamics of innate immune response at single-cell resolution
Common genetic variants across individuals modulate the cellular response to pathogens and are implicated in diverse immune pathologies, yet how they...
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Emerging Innate Immune Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Promises and Challenges
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapy has made an unprecedented impact on survival benefit for a subset of cancer patients; however, only a...
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Hypoxia inducible factor-1α regulates microglial innate immune memory and the pathology of Parkinson’s disease
Neuroinflammation is one of the core pathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Innate immune cells play a crucial role in the progression of...
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Innate and adaptive immune responses that control lymph-borne viruses in the draining lymph node
The interstitial fluids in tissues are constantly drained into the lymph nodes (LNs) as lymph through afferent lymphatic vessels and from LNs into...
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Echinococcosis Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis and Immune Evasion from the Human Host
Echinococcosis is a worldwide parasitic disease with great harm and complicated immune mechanisms. Immunoprophylaxis is an ideal way to prevent...
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BCG vaccination stimulates integrated organ immunity by feedback of the adaptive immune response to imprint prolonged innate antiviral resistance
Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination can confer nonspecific protection against heterologous pathogens. However, the underlying mechanisms remain...
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Innate immune regulations and various siRNA modalities
RNAi therapeutics are designed to produce the precise silencing effects against the gene-linked diseases which were known to be untreatable in the...
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Differences in the post-stroke innate immune response between young and old
Aging is associated to progressive changes impairing fundamental cellular and tissue functions, and the relationships amongst them through the...
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Using PBMCs in a Multiplex FluoroSpot Assay for Detection of Innate Immune Response-Modulating Impurities (IIRMIs)
The ELISA-based monocyte activation test (MAT) facilitates the replacement of the rabbit pyrogen test (RPT) for the detection of Innate Immune...
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Immune Response
The specific reactivity induced by an antigenic stimulus in a host is known as an immune response. The immune system is developed in a host primarily...