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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Lysophosphatidylcholine induces adenosine release from macrophages via TRPM7-mediated mitochondrial activation
Even though macrophages have the potential to harm tissues through excessive release of inflammatory mediators, they play protective roles to...
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Participation of cAMP-Mediated Signaling Transduction in the Regulation of the Secretory Function of Neuroglia during Ethanol-Induced Neurodegeneration
We studied the involvement of cAMP and PKA in the regulation of the secretion of neurotrophic growth factors by macro-and microglial cells in the...
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The Protective Effects of Syringic Acid on Bisphenol A–Induced Neurotoxicity Possibly Through AMPK/PGC-1α/Fndc5 and CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathways
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor, is commonly used to produce epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics. Continuous exposure to BPA may...
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Metabolic Pathways and Cell Signaling
This chapter overviews the basic features of metabolic pathways concerning the three main classes of energetic substrates – carbohydrates, lipids and...
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Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Role in Pain Processing
Pain, as one of the most prevalent clinical symptoms, is a complex physiological and psychological activity. Long-term severe pain can become...
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Caffeine promotes angiogenesis through modulating endothelial mitochondrial dynamics
Caffeine induces multiple vascular effects. In this study we investigated the angiogenic effect of physiological concentrations of caffeine with...
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Targeting cAMP signaling and phosphodiesterase 4 for liver disease treatment
Liver disease is a significant health burden globally and accounts for 4% of total deaths annually. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and...
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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling,...
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A novel combination of metformin and resveratrol alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating autophagy through the cAMP/AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disorder that is associated with the accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes....
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Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism
Epilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or...
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Crosstalk between phytochemicals and inflammatory signaling pathways
Novel bioactive constituents from natural sources are actively being investigated. The phytochemicals in these phenolic compounds are believed to...
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Effect of 3-caffeoyl, 4-dihydrocaffeoylquinic acid from Salicornia herbacea on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation via calcium signaling pathway
3-Caffeoyl-4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (CDCQ) is a natural chlorogenic acid isolated from Salicornia herbacea that protects against oxidative stress,...
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The Signaling Pathways Regulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multi-molecular complex that acts as a molecular platform to mediate caspase-1 activation, leading to IL-1β/IL-18...
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The dual roles of autophagy and the GPCRs-mediating autophagy signaling pathway after cerebral ischemic stroke
Ischemic stroke, caused by a lack of blood supply in brain tissues, is the third leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, and usually...
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The role of GPR81–cAMP–PKA pathway in endurance training-induced intramuscular triglyceride accumulation and mitochondrial content changes in rats
The athlete's paradox phenomenon involves the accumulation of intramuscular triglycerides (IMTG) in both insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive...
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Coronarin A modulated hepatic glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis via inhibiting mTORC1/S6K1 signaling and ameliorated glucose homeostasis of diabetic mice
Promotion of hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibition of hepatic glucose production are effective strategies for controlling hyperglycemia in type 2...
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Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Parkinson’s Disease: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential
Clinicians and researchers are exploring safer and novel treatment strategies for treating the ever-prevalent Parkinson’s disease (PD) across the...
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AMPK/MTOR/TP53 Signaling Pathway Regulation by Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Reduces Oxygen-Induced Lung Damage in Neonatal Rats through Autophagy Promotion
Our previous studies indicated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) alleviates hyperoxia-induced lung injury and suggested the possible...
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Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling in Endothelial Cell Functions
The endothelium, inner layer of blood vessels, constitutes a metabolically active paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine organ, able to sense the...
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Role of Serotonergic System in Regulating Brain Tumor-Associated Neuroinflammatory Responses
Serotonin signaling regulates wide arrays of both neural and extra-neural functions. Serotonin is also found to affect cancer progression directly as...