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Role and clinical implication of autophagy in COVID-19
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic constitutes a serious public health concern worldwide. Currently, more than 6 million deaths...
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Immunity-related GTPase IRGM at the intersection of autophagy, inflammation, and tumorigenesis
The human immunity-related GTPase M (IRGM) is a GTP-binding protein that regulates selective autophagy including xenophagy and mitophagy. IRGM...
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Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or...
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Autophagy as a Biomarker of Cytotoxicity
Since autophagy is involved in both cytoprotective and cytostatic/cytotoxic pathways depending on the types of stressor and culture conditions,...
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Immune Evasion and Interaction Between Autophagy and Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus found on human skin is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a variety of infections. Although this bacterium has been...
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Autophagy as a Biomarker of Cytotoxicity
Since autophagy is involved in both cytoprotective and cytostatic/cytotoxic pathways depending on the types of stressor and culture conditions,...
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The role of TBK1 in cancer pathogenesis and anticancer immunity
The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK)...
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Whole mitogenome sequencing uncovers a relation between mitochondrial heteroplasmy and leprosy severity
BackgroundIn recent years, the mitochondria/immune system interaction has been proposed, so that variants of mitochondrial genome and levels of...
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Autophagy as a Target for Host-Directed Therapy Against Tuberculosis
Autophagy is the cellular self-degradative process crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis. Recent developments in the field highlight its...
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The Classification and Basic Processes of Autophagy
Autophagy is a general term for the process of the lysosomal degradation of intracellular components, a process occurring exclusively in eukaryotic...
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Mechanisms of Selective Autophagy
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation process. During autophagy, cytoplasmic components are sequestered and catabolized to supply nutrition...
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The role of autophagy in viral infections
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic cellular process that exerts antiviral functions during a viral invasion. However, co-evolution...
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The V-ATPases in cancer and cell death
Transmembrane ATPases are membrane-bound enzyme complexes and ion transporters that can be divided into F-, V-, and A-ATPases according to their...
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TBK1-medicated DRP1 phosphorylation orchestrates mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy activation in osteoarthritis
Mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, are critical for maintaining mitochondrial functions. Evidence shows that...
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A dynamically evolving war between autophagy and pathogenic microorganisms
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains cellular homeostasis. It is essential for protecting organisms from environmental...
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The role of NEDD4 related HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in defective autophagy in cancer cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives
The homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus (HECT)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the selective executers in the protein ubiquitination, playing a...
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Chemical mimetics of the N-degron pathway alleviate systemic inflammation by activating mitophagy and immunometabolic remodeling
The Arg/N-degron pathway, which is involved in the degradation of proteins bearing an N-terminal signal peptide, is connected to p62/SQSTM1-mediated...
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Transcriptome analysis of potential candidate genes and molecular pathways in colitis-associated colorectal cancer of Mkp-1-deficient mice
BackgroundThe nuclear phosphatase mitogen-activate protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) is a key negative regulator of the innate immune response...
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bta-miR-2904 inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by targeting viral-infection-induced autophagy via ATG13
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small and noncoding RNA molecules (18–25 nt) that can regulate expression of their target genes...
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New insights into the evasion of host innate immunity by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an extremely successful intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), which remains the leading...
