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Top-down projections of the prefrontal cortex to the ventral tegmental area, laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, and median raphe nucleus
Anatomical and functional evidence suggests that the PFC is fairly unique among all cortical regions, as it not only receives input from, but also...
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Dopaminergic prediction errors in the ventral tegmental area reflect a multithreaded predictive model
Dopamine neuron activity is tied to the prediction error in temporal difference reinforcement learning models. These models make significant...
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Ventral tegmental area dopaminergic circuits participates in stress-induced chronic postsurgical pain in male mice
BackgroundChronic postsurgical pain (CPP) markedly impairs patients’ quality of life. Research has shown that chronic stress may extend incisional...
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Inversed Effects of Nav1.2 Deficiency at Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area for Prepulse Inhibition in Acoustic Startle Response
Numerous pathogenic variants of SCN2A gene, encoding voltage-gated sodium channel α2 subunit Nav1.2 protein, have been identified in a wide spectrum...
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Impaired Ventrolateral Periaqueductal Gray-Ventral Tegmental area Pathway Contributes to Chronic Pain-Induced Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
Chronic pain conditions within clinical populations are correlated with a high incidence of depression, and researchers have reported their high rate...
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Activation of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons Projecting to the Parabrachial Nucleus Promotes Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia in Male Rats
Since the clinical introduction of general anesthesia, its underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and...
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Glutamate inputs from the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus to the ventral tegmental area are essential for the induction of cocaine sensitization in male mice
RationaleDrug-induced potentiation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) glutamate signaling contributes critically to the induction of sensitization - an...
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Astrocytes mediate long-lasting synaptic regulation of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons
The plasticity of glutamatergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) represents a fundamental mechanism in the modulation of dopamine...
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Differential Roles of the D1- and D2-Like Dopamine Receptors Within the Ventral Tegmental Area in Modulating the Antinociception Induced by Forced Swim Stress in the Rat
Several preclinical and clinical studies indicate that exposure to acute stress may decrease pain perception and increases pain tolerance. This...
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Spatial Distribution of Neurons Expressing Single, Double, and Triple Molecular Characteristics of Glutamatergic, Dopaminergic, or GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Ventral Tegmental Area
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain area that plays a significant role in diverse neural processes such as reward, aversion,...
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Effects of quinpirole in the ventral tegmental area on impulsive behaviour during performance on the five-choice serial reaction time task
Impulsive behaviour on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT), a task measuring attention and impulsivity in rodents, is known to depend...
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Pain induces adaptations in ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons to drive anhedonia-like behavior
The persistence of negative affect in pain leads to co-morbid symptoms such as anhedonia and depression—major health issues in the United States. The...
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Ventral tegmental area GABAergic inhibition of cholinergic interneurons in the ventral nucleus accumbens shell promotes reward reinforcement
The long-range GABAergic input from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is relatively understudied, and therefore its...
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Inhibition of ventral tegmental area projections to the nucleus accumbens shell increases premature responding in the five-choice serial reaction time task in rats
Exaggerated impulsivity and attentional impairments are hallmarks of certain disorders of behavioural control such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity...
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Characterization of orexin input to dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex and shell of nucleus accumbens
Orexin neurons are involved in homeostatic regulatory processes, including arousal and feeding, and provide a major input from the hypothalamus to...
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Dopaminergic Projection from Ventral Tegmental Area to Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Mediates Chronic Social Defeat Stress–Induced Hypolocomotion
Numerous human clinical studies have suggested that decreased locomotor activity is a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), as well as...
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Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway in Ventral Tegmental Area is Involved in Regulation of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Alcohol Consumption in Rats
We recently reported that intraperitoneal injection of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mimicking small compound,...
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Ventral Tegmental Area Dysfunction and Disruption of Dopaminergic Homeostasis: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition characterized by intrusive recollections of the traumatic event,...
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