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Advances in the study of protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in mammal cells
The endoplasmic reticulum is a key site for protein production and quality control. More than one-third of proteins are synthesized and folded into...
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Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates the quiescence of activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) by regulating M2 macrophage exosomal smooth muscle cell-associated protein 5 (SMAP-5)
An effective therapeutic regimen for hepatic fibrosis requires a deep understanding of the pathogenesis mechanism. Hepatic fibrosis is characterized...
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Integrated metabolism and epigenetic modifications in the macrophages of mice in responses to cold stress
The negative effects of low temperature can readily induce a variety of diseases. We sought to understand the reasons why cold stress induces disease...
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Molecular signal networks and regulating mechanisms of the unfolded protein response
Within the cell, several mechanisms exist to maintain homeostasis of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One of the primary mechanisms is the unfolded...
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Biodistribution of Viscumin after Subcutaneous Injection to Mice and In Vitro Modeling of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Viscumin (mistletoe lectin I, MLI) in concentrations of 10 —11 -10 —7 M causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and triggers unfolded protein response, a...
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A Therapeutic Target for Inhibition of Neurodegeneration: Autophagy
The role of autophagy in supporting cellular survival and inhibiting neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s...
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Introduction
The ability to renew and repair old or destroyed tissue in our body protects us from virtually all interior as well as exterior injuries and is...
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Stress of the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Neurons in Stroke Can Be Maximally Limited by Combined Exposure to Hypercapnia and Hypoxia
We studied the expression of chaperone GRP-78 and transcription factor NF-kB during the development of ischemic tolerance of the brain after combined...
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A molecular arms race between host innate antiviral response and emerging human coronaviruses
Coronaviruses have been closely related with mankind for thousands of years. Communityacquired human coronaviruses have long been recognized to cause...
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Emerging complexity and new roles for the RIG-I-like receptors in innate antiviral immunity
Innate immunity is critical for the control of virus infection and operates to restrict viral susceptibility and direct antiviral immunity for...
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Ammonium affects cell viability to inhibit root growth in Arabidopsis
Ammonium (NH 4 + ) is an important form of nitrogen nutrient for most plants, yet is also a stressor for many of them. However, the primary events of NH
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Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Agents for Disorders of the Back of the Eye
The retina and associated supportive tissues must perform large amounts of metabolic work to effectively process visual information. Metabolic...
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Innate Immunity in C. elegans
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is proving to be a powerful invertebrate model to study host-pathogen interactions. In common with other...
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Apoptosis in Nervous Cells
In the central nervous system both neurons and astrocytes play crucial roles. On a cellular level, brain activity involves continuous interactions...