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Prolactin levels and breast cancer risk by tumor expression of prolactin-related markers
BackgroundHigher circulating prolactin has been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Prolactin binding to the prolactin receptor (PRLR) can...
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Macrophage-mediated anti-tumor immunity against high-risk neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial childhood solid tumor. The majority of high-risk neuroblastoma is resistant/refractory to the current...
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Tumor Microenvironment
In this chapter, we will learn that the tumor microenvironment is a stroma of normal cells supporting cancer cells. Tumors act like parasites that...
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An exosome mRNA-related gene risk model to evaluate the tumor microenvironment and predict prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma
BackgroundThe interplay between exosomes and the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. We investigated the influence of exosomes on the TME...
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Transplantable Subcutaneous Tumor Models
Mouse tumor models are essential in cancer research, especially in elucidating malignancy, develo** prevention, diagnosis, and new therapeutic...
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Combined TP53 status in tumor-free resection margins and circulating microRNA profiling predicts the risk of locoregional recurrence in head and neck cancer
Locoregional recurrences represent a frequently unexpected problem in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Relapse often (10–30%) occurs in...
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Tumor Suppressor Genes
Tumor suppressors are the second major type of cancer genes. In contrast to oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes have to undergo loss of function to...
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Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) Therapy
Since T cells can recognize tumor-associated antigens and eliminate cancer cells, preclinical and clinical developments of therapy have been...
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Integrated analysis of tumor-associated macrophages and M2 macrophages in CRC: unraveling molecular heterogeneity and develo** a novel risk signature
BackgroundEmerging investigations have increasingly highlighted the critical role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and M2 macrophages in cancer...
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NGS-Based Tumor-Informed Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA
Accurate circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection has an immense biomarker potential in all phases of the cancer disease course. Presence of ctDNA in...
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Circular extrachromosomal DNA promotes tumor heterogeneity in high-risk medulloblastoma
Circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) in patient tumors is an important driver of oncogenic gene expression, evolution of drug resistance and poor...
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Development and validation of postoperative circulating tumor DNA combined with clinicopathological risk factors for recurrence prediction in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer
BackgroundCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection following curative-intent surgery could directly reflect the presence of minimal residual disease,...
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The role of the genomic mutation signature and tumor mutation burden on relapse risk prediction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Personalized genetic profiling has focused on improving treatment efficacy and predicting risk stratification by identifying mutated genes and...
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Introduction to Tumor Ecosystem
Cancer is a systemic disease. Cancer growth and survival depends on not only the communication between tumor cells and its surrounding, they are also...
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Common variants in breast cancer risk loci predispose to distinct tumor subtypes
BackgroundGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common breast cancer susceptibility variants. Many of these variants have...
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Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) and Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (tdEV)
The observation that increasing circulating tumor cell (CTC) and tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (tdEV) load is directly related to worse...
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Advances in Central Nervous System Tumor Classification
Historically, the classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) relies on the histologic appearance of cells under a microscope;...
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Characterization of tumor microenvironment and tumor immunology based on the double-stranded RNA-binding protein related genes in cervical cancer
BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers threatening women’s health worldwide. Double-stranded RNA-binding proteins...
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Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the first non-tumoral cells that infiltrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and encompass up to half...
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The role of tumor-platelet interplay and micro tumor thrombi during hematogenous tumor metastasis
BackgroundIn addition to their pivotal roles in coagulation and thrombosis, platelets are crucial in tumor progression, with plenty of clinical and...
