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Prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation comparing tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation...
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Local immune responses to tuberculin skin challenge in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated baboons: a pilot study of younger and older animals
Individuals over the age of 65 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, which account for one-third of deaths in this age group. Vaccines are a...
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Novel methodologies for host-microbe interactions and microbiome-targeted therapeutics in 3D organotypic skin models
BackgroundFollowing descriptive studies on skin microbiota in health and disease, mechanistic studies on the interplay between skin and microbes are...
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Skin test of tuberculin purified protein derivatives with a dissolving microneedle-array patch
BackgroundThe tuberculin skin test (TST) is a long-established screening method for tuberculosis. However, the Mantoux technique is often difficult...
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Racemose neurocysticercosis simulating tuberculous meningitis
We report a patient with racemose neurocysticercosis, highlighting the diagnostic and management issues. A 37-year-old male had headaches, fever, and...
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Genetic epidemiology of resistance to M. tuberculosis Infection: importance of study design and recent findings
Resistance to M. tuberculosis , often referred to as “RSTR” in the literature, is being increasingly studied because of its potential relevance as a...
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Immunological imbalance in microcephalic children with congenital Zika virus syndrome
Microcephalic children due congenital Zika virus syndrome (CZS) present neurological symptoms already well described. However, several other...
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Revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with an increased risk of abscess and lymphadenopathy
The reported frequency and types of adverse events following initial vaccination and revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) varies...
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In Vitro and In Vivo Methods for Analysis of Nanoparticles' Potential to Induce Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Reactions
Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are among the common reasons for drug withdrawal from clinical use during the post-marketing stage....
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Letter M
Macaulay’s disease (lymphomatoid papulosis, Macaulay’s lymphomatoid papulosis) is a nonaggressive chronic lymphoproliferative disease of the skin,...
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Low secondary attack rate after prolonged exposure to sputum smear positive miliary tuberculosis in a neonatal unit
BackgroundSeveral neonatal intensive care units (NICU) have reported exposure to sputum smear positive tuberculosis (TB). NICE guidelines give...
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Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium lepraemurium and Non-tuberculosis Mycobacteria
Mycobacterium leprae is the causative agent of leprosy, a chronic granulomatous disease primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nervous system....
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Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity reaction denotes an immune response resulting in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions harmful to the host, following contact with...
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Antimycobacterial Drugs
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC)—including, the M. tuberculosis and seven other closely-related species (like M. bovis)—are the...
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The Applications of ELISpot in the Identification and Treatment of Various Forms of Tuberculosis and in the Cancer Immunotherapies
ELISpot (enzyme-linked immunospot) is a powerful immunological tool for the detection of cytokine-secreting cells at a single-cell resolution. It is...
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Genus Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The genus Mycobacterium included in the family Mycobacteriaceae consists of non-motile, non-spore-forming and aerobic bacilli. They are slightly...
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Tuberculosis in Contacts and Healthcare Workers
Persons in close contactContact with tuberculosis (TB) who are at risk of transmissionTransmission (mostly smearSmear- or cultureCulture-positive...
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Immunodiagnostics of Tuberculosis: Recent Discoveries
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public healthPublic health concern worldwide. Although numerous current immunological approaches for TB...
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Letter K
Kabuki syndrome (Kabuki make-up syndrome, Niikawa-Kuroki Syndrome) is a rare multisystemic disorder characterized by a distinct face, postnatal...
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Challenges for Contact Tracing and Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy Scale-up
Tuberculosis preventive therapyTherapyPreventive (TPT) is a key strategy to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2050. However, less than one-fifth of...