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Genome-Wide Association Study for the Genetic Determinants of Thiopurine Methyltransferase Protein Expression in Human Livers and Racial Differences
IntroductionPolymorphisms in the Thiopurine S-Methyltransferase (TPMT) gene are associated with decreased TPMT activity, but little is known about...
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Predictive role of ITPA genetic variants in thiopurine-related myelotoxicity in Crohn’s disease patients
Thiopurines, an effective therapy for Crohn’s disease (CD), often lead to adverse events (AEs). Gene polymorphisms affecting thiopurine metabolism...
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A direct sequencing assay for pharmacogenetic testing of thiopurine-intolerant NUDT15 alleles in an Asian population
ObjectiveThe nucleoside diphosphate linked moiety X (Nudix)-Type motif 15 (NUDT15) enzyme is involved in thiopurine metabolism. Genetic variants in...
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Advances in Thiopurine Drug Delivery: The Current State-of-the-Art
Thiopurines (mercaptopurine, azathioprine and thioguanine) are well-established maintenance treatments for a wide range of diseases such as leukemia,...
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Emerging Pathophysiology and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: Future Perspective
There is wide variability in the response of individuals to standard doses of drug therapy. This is an important problem in clinical practice, where...
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Pharmacogenomics of Thiopurine-Induced Toxicity in Children
Thiopurine drugs play an important role in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia by inhibiting the proliferation of cell. It is done by...
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The Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
The genetic background of inflammatory bowel disease, both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, has been known for more than 2 decades. In the...
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Emerging Pathophysiology and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: Future Perspective
There is wide variability in the response of individuals to standard doses of drug therapy. This is an important problem in clinical practice, where...
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Thiopurine Enhanced ALL Maintenance (TEAM): study protocol for a randomized study to evaluate the improvement in disease-free survival by adding very low dose 6-thioguanine to 6-mercaptopurine/methotrexate-based maintenance therapy in pediatric and adult patients (0–45 years) with newly diagnosed B-cell precursor or T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated according to the intermediate risk-high group of the ALLTogether1 protocol
BackgroundA critical challenge in current acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy is treatment intensification in order to reduce the relapse rate...
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An intronic FTO variant rs16952570 confers protection against thiopurine-induced myelotoxicities in multiethnic Asian IBD patients
Thiopurines are used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) but remain clinically challenging to manage due to wide interpatient...
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Population-scale predictions of DPD and TPMT phenotypes using a quantitative pharmacogene-specific ensemble classifier
BackgroundInter-individual differences in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase ( DPYD encoding DPD) and thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are...
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The Relationship Between Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics and Its Impact on Drug Choice and Dosing Regimens in Pediatrics
The concept of precision or personalized medicine in pediatrics is still in its infancy, and it is difficult to conduct clinical studies in...
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Pharmacogenomics and Cancer Treatment
Somatic and germline genetic variations are two types of interindividual variations affecting drug response in cancer treatment. Pharmacogenomics...
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Impact of NUDT15 genetics on severe thiopurine-related hematotoxicity in patients with European ancestry
PurposeSevere hematotoxicity in patients with thiopurine therapy has been associated with genetic polymorphisms in the thiopurine S-methyltransferase...
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Association of ITPA gene polymorphisms with adverse effects of AZA/6-MP administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Azathioprine (AZA) and its metabolite, mercaptopurine (6-MP), are widely used immunosuppressant drugs. Polymorphisms in genes implicated in AZA/6-MP...
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Phase II Detoxification Enzymes
Phase I enzymes catalyze the activation metabolism of foreign compounds. Their functionalization reactions incorporate a functional group into a...
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Pharmacogenomics in Drug Metabolism Enzymes and Transporters
The safe and effective use of drug therapies play a critical role in treating disease. Interindividual variability in drug metabolism and transport...
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Pharmacogenomics of Cisplatin-Induced Toxicity in Children
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutics agent used to treat cancers in all age groups. It induces apoptosis but is deactivated by some proteins...