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Impact of subtype C-specific amino acid variants on HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction: insights from molecular modelling and dynamics
BackgroundHIV-1 produces Tat, a crucial protein for transcription, viral replication, and CNS neurotoxicity. Tat interacts with TAR, enhancing HIV...
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HIV-1C and HIV-1B Tat protein polymorphism in Southern Brazil
The transactivator of transcription (Tat) is a key HIV regulatory protein. We aimed to identify the frequency of key polymorphisms in HIV-1C compared...
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Transactivator of Transcription (Tat)-Induced Neuroinflammation as a Key Pathway in Neuronal Dysfunction: A Sco** Review
The activity of HIV-1 and its viral proteins within the central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for a wide array of neuropathological effects,...
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HIV-1 subtype C Tat exon-1 amino acid residue 24K is a signature for neurocognitive impairment
Variation and differential selection pressures on Tat genes have been shown to alter the biological function of the protein, resulting in...
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Genetic variation and function of the HIV-1 Tat protein
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein, which has several functions that promote viral...
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Main lymphocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood in HIV-1 subtypes C and B
HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) shows reduced Tat protein chemoattractant activity compared with HIV-1B. The impact of HIV-1C Tat on the chemotaxis of the...
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Neuroimaging abnormalities in clade C HIV are independent of Tat genetic diversity
Controversy remains regarding the neurotoxicity of clade C human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-C). When examined in preclinical studies, a cysteine to...
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A mutant Tat protein inhibits infection of human cells by strains from diverse HIV-1 subtypes
BackgroundNullbasic is a mutant HIV-1 Tat protein that inhibits HIV-1 replication via three independent mechanisms that disrupts 1) reverse...
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Proceedings from the NIMH symposium on “NeuroAIDS in Africa: neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of HIV”
Despite major advances in HIV-1 treatment, the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains a problem, particularly as...
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Multivariable analysis to determine if HIV-1 Tat dicysteine motif is associated with neurodevelopmental delay in HIV-infected children in Malawi
BackgroundHIV-1 Tat protein is implicated in HIV-neuropathogenesis. Tat C31S polymorphism (Tat CS ) has been associated with milder neuropathology in...
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Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in clade C HIV: within-group association with neurocognitive function
Neuroimaging abnormalities are common in chronically infected HIV-positive individuals. The majority of studies have focused on structural or...
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Biomarkers of chemotaxis and inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in individuals with HIV-1 subtype C versus B
A defective chemokine motif in the HIV-1 Tat protein has been hypothesized to alter central nervous system cellular trafficking and inflammation,...
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Impact of the HIV Tat C30C31S dicysteine substitution on neuropsychological function in patients with clade C disease
Previous animal studies have identified a C31S residue substitution in the C30C31 dicysteine motif of the Tat protein that is associated with reduced...
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The effects of antiretroviral treatment initiation on cognition in HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease in Pune, India
There has been a reduction in the most severe cases of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) with advances in antiretroviral treatment...
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Clade C HIV-1 isolates circulating in Southern Africa exhibit a greater frequency of dicysteine motif-containing Tat variants than those in Southeast Asia and cause increased neurovirulence
BackgroundHIV-1 Clade C (Subtype C; HIV-1C) is responsible for greater than 50% of infections worldwide. Unlike clade B HIV-1 (Subtype B; HIV-1B),...
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Genetic diversity and proviral DNA load in different neural compartments of HIV-1 subtype C infection
In India, the low prevalence of HIV-associated dementia (HAD) in the Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infection is quite...
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Effect of HIV clade differences on the onset and severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
The effects of evolutionary pressure on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) have resulted in a variety of clades and recombinants. The functional...
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What does the structure-function relationship of the HIV-1 Tat protein teach us about develo** an AIDS vaccine?
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activator of transcription protein Tat is an important factor in viral pathogenesis. In...
