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Red Blood Cells in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Compartment After Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Significance and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a subtype of stroke that predominantly impacts younger individuals. It is associated with high mortality rates and...
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ASPECT Score and Its Application to Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: a Case–Control Study
Delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI) is a significant complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) and is strongly associated with poorer...
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate Signalling in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Basic Science to Clinical Translation
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is generated intracellularly and, when transported to the extracellular compartment, predominantly signals through S1P...
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Acetazolamide modulates intracranial pressure directly by its action on the cerebrospinal fluid secretion apparatus
BackgroundElevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is observed in many neurological pathologies, e.g. hydrocephalus and stroke. This condition is...
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Intracranial pressure waveform characteristics in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis
BackgroundIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and late-onset idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (LIAS) are two forms of chronic adult...
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Altered MicroRNA Expression in Intracranial Aneurysmal Tissues: Possible Role in TGF-β Signaling Pathway
The molecular mechanisms behind the rupture of intracranial aneurysms remain obscure. MiRNAs are key regulators of a wide array of biological...
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Utility of A2L2 score in acute ischemic stroke patient triage: the “H.uni” experience
Background and aimsTwo or more National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) points on each motor items (A 2 L 2 score) have shown good accuracy...
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Recurrent brain metastases: the role of resection of in a comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment setting
BackgroundTreatment decision for recurrent symptomatic brain metastases (BM) is challenging with scarce data regarding surgical resection. We...
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A Review of Cyclist Head Injury, Impact Characteristics and the Implications for Helmet Assessment Methods
Head injuries are common for cyclists involved in collisions. Such collision scenarios result in a range of injuries, with different head impact...
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Oncologic Emergencies: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Initial Management
The rate of cancer patients will continue to increase in the coming decades. Additionally, new treatments will continue to emerge. The increased...
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The relation of a cerebrospinal fluid profile associated with Alzheimer’s disease with cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy
BackgroundPatients with sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (sCAA) frequently report cognitive or neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study...
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Unravelling the Parkinson’s puzzle, from medications and surgery to stem cells and genes: a comprehensive review of current and future management strategies
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, prevalent in the elderly population. Neuropathological hallmarks of PD include loss of...
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Being precise with anticoagulation to reduce adverse drug reactions: are we there yet?
Anticoagulants are potent therapeutics widely used in medical and surgical settings, and the amount spent on anticoagulation is rising. Although...
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Digital subtraction angiography in cerebrovascular disease: current practice and perspectives on diagnosis, acute treatment and prognosis
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is the gold-standard imaging modality in acute cerebrovascular diagnosis. The role of DSA has become...
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Causes of Congenital Malformations
Congenital malformations are structural abnormalities due to faulty development, present at birth, and amongst the major causes of prenatal,...
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: review and expert opinion
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) results from spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaking. An underlying connective tissue disorder that...
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Low-molecular-weight heparin beyond 12 months in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis
BackgroundClinical guidelines indicate that in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT), anticoagulant treatment should be continued beyond 6...
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The association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio with 3-month clinical outcome after mechanical thrombectomy following stroke
Background and aimNeutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) are associated with clinical outcomes in malignancy,...
