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Macrophage-mediated tissue response evoked by subchronic inhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles is associated with the alteration of phospholipases C and cholesterol transporters
BackgroundInhalation of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO NPs), which are emitted to the environment by high-temperature technological processes, heavily...
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An Overview of Subchronic and Chronic Toxicology
This chapter will explore the regulatory requirement for subchronic and chronic toxicology studies, their design and purpose. The various routes of...
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Retained particle surface area dose drives inflammation in rat lungs following acute, subacute, and subchronic inhalation of nanomaterials
BackgroundAn important aspect of nanomaterial (NM) risk assessment is establishing relationships between physicochemical properties and key events...
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Biomass smoke inhalation promotes neuroinflammatory and metabolomic temporal changes in the hippocampus of female mice
Smoke from wildland fires has been shown to produce neuroinflammation in preclinical models, characterized by neural infiltrations of neutrophils and...
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Effects of subchronic dietary exposure to the engineered nanomaterials SiO2 and CeO2 in C57BL/6J and 5xFAD Alzheimer model mice
BackgroundThere is an increasing concern about the neurotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials (NMs). To investigate the effects of subchronic oral...
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Pulmonary dust foci as rat pneumoconiosis lesion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 13-week inhalation study
BackgroundMost toxicological studies on titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles to date have concentrated on carcinogenicity and acute toxicity, with few...
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Multi-dimensional evaluation of cardiotoxicity in mice following respiratory exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics
BackgroundNanoplastics (NPs) could be released into environment through the degradation of plastic products, and their content in the air cannot be...
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Evaluation of subchronic oral dose toxicity and allergen of freeze-dried powder of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) as a novel food source
The migratory locust, Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a well-known edible insect which may serve as new source of human food and...
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Dose–response relationship of pulmonary disorders by inhalation exposure to cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymers in F344 rats
BackgroundIn Japan, six workers handling cross-linked water-soluble acrylic acid polymer (CWAAP) at a chemical plant suffered from lung diseases,...
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Diesel exhaust particles alter the profile and function of the gut microbiota upon subchronic oral administration in mice
BackgroundAmbient air pollution by particulate matters, including diesel exhaust particles (DEP), is a major cause of cardiovascular and metabolic...
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Combined biological effects and lung proteomics analysis in mice reveal different toxic impacts of electronic cigarette aerosol and combustible cigarette smoke on the respiratory system
Combustible cigarettes produce many toxic substances that have been linked to diseases, such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary...
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Lung retention and particokinetics of silver and gold nanoparticles in rats following subacute inhalation co-exposure
BackgroundInhalation exposure to nanomaterials in workplaces can include a mixture of multiple nanoparticles. Such ambient nanoparticles can be of...
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Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene after low-dose subchronic exposure to an industrial mixture of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rats: a cocktail effect study
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are interesting environmental pollutants for understanding cocktail effects. High-molecular-weight-PAHs...
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Examination of Acute and Repeated-Dose Toxicity
Determination of the toxicological profile is necessary for hazard identification and hazard characterization for human health. Acute studies mainly...
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Vehicular Particulate Matter (PM) Characteristics Impact Vascular Outcomes Following Inhalation
Roadside proximity and exposure to mixed vehicular emissions (MVE) have been linked to adverse pulmonary and vascular outcomes. However, because of...
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Safety assessment of subtilisin QK in rats
BackgroundSubtilisin QK is a serine protease in the subtilisin family, and is fermented by Bacillus subtilis QK02 . The fibrinolytic activity of...
