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Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus: A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in Spiral Ganglion Neurons
To study key proteins associated with changes in synaptic transmission in the spiral ganglion in tinnitus, we build three gene lists from the...
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Comparison of Fluorometric and Chromatographic Methods of In Vitro Assay of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2, the Key Enzyme of Serotonin Synthesis in the Brain
We present rapid and sensitive assay of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 enzyme activity based on the fluorescence of the complex of 5-hydroxytryptophan...
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Microglia in Alzheimer’s Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer’s dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint...
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fMRI evidence reveals emotional biases in bilingual decision making
Research indicates that the foreign language effect on decision making can be partially explained by a reduction in emotional response in the second...
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Early life stress, literacy and dyslexia: an evolutionary perspective
Stress and learning co-evolved in parallel, with their interdependence critical to the survival of the species. Even today, the regulation of...
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Synapse Pathology in Brain Structures Affected in Depression
This chapter is concerned with the question of whether adult mental illness is likely to arise from a loss of functioning synapses in the brain...
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Greater perceived stress management skills and heightened brain metabolic activity in cortical and subcortical stress processing regions in metastatic breast cancer patients
PurposeEmotional distress and adversity can contribute to negative health outcomes in women with breast cancer. Individual differences in perceived...
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Engram mechanisms of memory linking and identity
Memories are thought to be stored in neuronal ensembles referred to as engrams. Studies have suggested that when two memories occur in quick...
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Intranasal insulin effect on cognitive and/or memory impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Cognitive impairment, characterized by deficits in cognitive functions and loss of delayed and immediate recall, disproportionately...
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Synaptopodin is required for long-term depression at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses
Synaptopodin (SP), an actin-associated protein found in telencephalic neurons, affects activity-dependant synaptic plasticity and dynamic changes of...
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Cognitive and Neural Representations of Fractals in Vision, Music, and Action
The concept of fractal was popularized by Mandelbrot as a tool to tame the geometrical structure of objects with infinite hierarchical depth. The key...
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Altered effective connectivity of the default mode network in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is associated with brain dysconnectivity in the default mode network (DMN). Most previous studies of patients with...
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REST in the Road Map of Brain Development
Repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) or also known as neuron-restrictive silencing factor (NRSF), is the key initiator of...
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Remembering the null hypothesis when searching for brain sex differences
Human brain sex differences have fascinated scholars for centuries and become a key focus of neuroscientists since the dawn of MRI. We recently...
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Natural Immunosuppressants as a Treatment for Chronic Insomnia Targeting the Inflammatory Response Induced by NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β Axis Activation: A Scoo** Review
Chronic insomnia is an inflammatory-related disease with an important pathological basis for various diseases which is a serious threat to a person’s...
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The neuroanatomical hallmarks of chronic tinnitus in comorbidity with pure-tone hearing loss
Tinnitus is one of the main hearing impairments often associated with pure-tone hearing loss, and typically manifested in the perception of phantom...
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A proposed attention-based model for spatial memory formation and retrieval
Animals use sensory information and memory to build internal representations of space. It has been shown that such representations extend beyond the...
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Emotional Tagging and Long-Term Memory Formation
Numerous studies support the notion that emotional arousal modulates the formation of long-term memories. The amygdala, a principal component of the...
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The generative grammar of the brain: a critique of internally generated representations
The past decade of progress in neurobiology has uncovered important organizational principles for network preconfiguration and neuronal selection...
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How to Build a Midbrain
The midbrain consists of many oddly shaped nuclei-forming curves, crescents, and globes, and specialised conglomerates of networks and pathways....