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Optogenetic stimulation of vagal nerves for enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and β cell proliferation
The enhancement of insulin secretion and of the proliferation of pancreatic β cells are promising therapeutic options for diabetes. Signals from the...
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D609 inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C attenuates prolonged insulin stimulation-mediated GLUT4 downregulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Glucose uptake is stimulated by insulin via stimulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane from intracellular...
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Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
In this chapter, we will describe the molecular principles of glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling as well as their dysregulation leading to...
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PKCα Isoform Inhibits Insulin Signaling and Aggravates Neuronal Insulin Resistance
Overexpression of PKCα has been linked to inhibit insulin signaling disrupting IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations in skeletal muscle. PKCα inhibits IRS-1...
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Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Peripheral Targets
Although vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is nowadays frequently used in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, depression, and...
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Insulin Secretion and the β-Cell 102 Years After the Discovery of the Hormone
Purpose of ReviewThe discovery of insulin was a true landmark in biomedical research and provided a framework for the understanding of many pivotal...
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The anxiolytic drug opipramol inhibits insulin-induced lipogenesis in fat cells and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets
The antidepressant drug opipramol has been reported to exert antilipolytic effect in human adipocytes, suggesting that alongside its...
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Stimulation parameters for directional vagus nerve stimulation
BackgroundAutonomic nerve stimulation is used as a treatment for a growing number of diseases. We have previously demonstrated that application of...
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Markers of Liver Function and Insulin Resistance
Diagnostic features for metabolic syndrome include cardiovascular risk factors, like increased abdominal circumference, triglycerides, and blood...
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Insulin Resistance and Cancer
Insulin is a peptide hormone that mediates both metabolic and mitogenic effects, and impaired insulin signaling leads to insulin resistance with...
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Generation of Insulin-Producing Multicellular Organoids
Clinical islet transplantation (CIT) is an established noninvasive treatment for type I diabetes (T1D) and has demonstrated improved glycemic...
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Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Insulin Secretion to Carbohydrate Metabolism
Since the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as an important mediator of vasoregulation, the molecule has been found to be involved in several...
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RAGE inhibition blunts insulin-induced oncogenic signals in breast cancer
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is implicated in diabetes and obesity complications, as well as in breast cancer (BC)....
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Neddylation of insulin receptor substrate acts as a bona fide regulator of insulin signaling and its implications for cancer cell migration
Irregularities in insulin signaling have significantly increased the risk of various cancers, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear....
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Brain insulin resistance and the therapeutic value of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs in Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology
The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is significantly higher in people with diabetes. Insulin and insulin receptor (IR) signaling intermediates...
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Insulin receptor alternative splicing in breast and prostate cancer
Cancer etiology represents an intricate, multifactorial orchestration where metabolically associated insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin...
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A stepwise activation model for the insulin receptor
The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor (IR) triggers a cascade of receptor conformational changes and autophosphorylation, leading to the...
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Does insulin make breast cancer cells resistant to doxorubicin toxicity?
The effects of insulin on the doxorubicin (Dox) sensitivity of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and its Dox-resistant counterpart MCF-7/Dox were studied...
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A structural model of glucose regulation for building prognostic algorithms for controlling insulin therapy
This work discusses the physiological processes influencing the dynamics of blood glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus and...
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Orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 relieves insulin resistance in HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells through activation of autophagy and insulin signaling
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication with a high incidence in women. Orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 is involved in...
