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Development, Physicochemical Characteristics and Pharmacokinetics of a New Sustained-Release Bilayer Tablet Formulation of Tramadol with an Immediate-Release Component for Twice-Daily Administration
Background and ObjectiveThere are some potential concerns about the currently marketed solid oral dosage forms of tramadol, including decreased...
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Pain, Fear, Anxiety, and Stress: Relations to the Endogenous Opioid System
Pain, fear, stress, and anxiety are separate yet interrelated phenomena. Each of these concepts has an extensive individual body of research, with...
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The Opioid Growth Factor in Growth Regulation and Immune Responses in Cancer
It has become apparent that endogenous opioids act not only as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, but have multiple functions in the body....
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Opioid withdrawal: role in addiction and neural mechanisms
Withdrawal from opioids involves a negative affective state that promotes maintenance of drug-seeking behavior and relapse. As such, understanding...
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Opioid toxicity: histamine, hypersensitivity, and MRGPRX2
Insights into the pathophysiology of many non-immune-mediated drug reactions referred to as toxicities, sensitivities, intolerances, or...
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Ptchd1 mediates opioid tolerance via cholesterol-dependent effects on μ-opioid receptor trafficking
Repeated exposure to opioids causes tolerance, which limits their analgesic utility and contributes to overdose and abuse liability. However, the...
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Off-target activity of NBOMes and NBOMe analogs at the µ opioid receptor
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are introduced on the illicit drug market at a rapid pace. Their molecular targets are often inadequately...
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A dose-ranging study of the physiological and self-reported effects of repeated, rapid infusion of remifentanil in people with opioid use disorder and physical dependence on fentanyl
RationaleUnderstanding mechanisms of drug use decisions will inform the development of treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD). Decision-making...
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Self-regulated Anti-Overdose Crush and Extraction-Resistant Drug Delivery System to Combat Opioid Overdose Crisis
Pharmaceutical opioid dosage forms are commonly misused via an oral route in non-manipulated form, i.e., overdose in intact form, or manipulated...
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Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System
Opioid use disorder (OUD) is defined as the chronic use or misuse of prescribed or illicitly obtained opioids and is characterized by clinically...
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The Impact of the Parenteral Opioid Medication Shortages on Opioid Utilization Practices in the Emergency Department of Two University Hospitals
IntroductionBoth opioid and non-opioid analgesics are commonly utilized in treating acute and chronic pain in the emergency department (ED). Opioid...
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Oxycodone in the Opioid Epidemic: High ‘Liking’, ‘Wanting’, and Abuse Liability
It is estimated that nearly a third of people who abuse drugs started with prescription opioid medicines. Approximately, 11.5 million Americans used...
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Toxicities of opioid analgesics: respiratory depression, histamine release, hemodynamic changes, hypersensitivity, serotonin toxicity
Opioid-induced respiratory depression is potentially life-threatening and often regarded as the main hazard of opioid use. Main cause of death is...
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Pain-induced impulsivity is sexually dimorphic and mu-opioid receptor sensitive in rats
Rationale and objectivesPain sensation can negatively impact cognitive function, including impulsivity. Pain-induced changes in impulsivity can...
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Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids: Role in Substance Use Disorders
Opioid use disorders have become an epidemic in recent years with rates nearly quadrupling since 1999 according to the US Centers for Disease Control...
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Relative potency of intravenous oxymorphone compared to other µ opioid agonists in humans — pilot study outcomes
AimsIntravenous (IV) misuse of the µ opioid analgesic oxymorphone has caused significant public health harms; however, no controlled data on its IV...
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Overdose and Alcohol Sensitive Immediate Release System (OASIS) for Deterring Accidental Overdose or Abuse of Drugs
Death from an accidental or intentional overdose of slee** tablets has increased exponentially in the USA. Furthermore, the simultaneous...
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Opioid Use and Driving Performance
IntroductionThe USA is in an opioid epidemic, with an increased number of individuals taking psychoactive drugs while executing the tasks of everyday...
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Synthesis of the Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance: Do We Still Say NO?
The use of morphine as a first-line agent for moderate-to-severe pain is limited by the development of analgesic tolerance. Initially opioid receptor...
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Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity – Current and Future Perspectives
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human...
