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Projection-Specific Heterogeneity of the Axon Initial Segment of Pyramidal Neurons in the Prelimbic Cortex
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a highly specialized axonal compartment where the action potential is initiated. The heterogeneity of AISs has been...
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Bi-directional Control of Synaptic Input Summation and Spike Generation by GABAergic Inputs at the Axon Initial Segment
Differing from other subtypes of inhibitory interneuron, chandelier or axo-axonic cells form depolarizing GABAergic synapses exclusively onto the...
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Formin Activity and mDia1 Contribute to Maintain Axon Initial Segment Composition and Structure
The axon initial segment (AIS) is essential for maintaining neuronal polarity, modulating protein transport into the axon, and action potential...
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Regulation of Axon Initial Segment Diameter by COUP-TFI Fine-tunes Action Potential Generation
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized structure that controls neuronal excitability via action potential (AP) generation. Currently, AIS...
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Glycans and Carbohydrate-Binding/Transforming Proteins in Axon Physiology
The mature nervous system relies on the polarized morphology of neurons for a directed flow of information. These highly polarized cells use their...
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Drosophila Laser Axotomy Injury Model to Investigate RNA Repair and Splicing in Axon Regeneration
The limited axon regeneration capacity of mature neurons often leads to insufficient functional recovery after damage to the central nervous system...
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Involvement of Paired Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B in Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction Through Modulation of Axon Outgrowth and Dendritic Remodeling
Type 2 diabetic patients have high risk of develo** cognitive dysfunction, in which neural structural plasticity has played a pivotal role. Paired...
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A Comparative Investigation of Axon-Blood Vessel Growth Interaction in the Regenerating Sciatic and Optic Nerves in Adult Mice
The vascular and the nervous systems share similarities in addition to their complex role in providing oxygen and nutrients to all cells. Both are...
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Celsr2 Knockout Alleviates Inhibitory Synaptic Strip** and Benefits Motoneuron Survival and Axon Regeneration After Branchial Plexus Avulsion
Axotomy-induced synaptic strip** modulates survival and axon regeneration of injured motoneurons. Celsr2 is supposed to mediate homophilic...
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Immediate induction of varicosities by transverse compression but not uniaxial stretch in axon mechanosensation
Uniaxial stretch is believed to drive diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Axonal varicosities are enlarged structures...
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Multichannel bridges and NSC synergize to enhance axon regeneration, myelination, synaptic reconnection, and recovery after SCI
Regeneration in the injured spinal cord is limited by physical and chemical barriers. Acute implantation of a multichannel poly(lactide-co-glycolide)...
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Loss of Neuropilin2a/b or Sema3fa alters olfactory sensory axon dynamics and protoglomerular targeting
BackgroundOlfactory Sensory Neuron (OSN) axons project from the zebrafish olfactory epithelium to reproducible intermediate target locations in the...
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High-frequency stimulation induces axonal conduction block without generating initial action potentials
The purpose of this modeling study is to develop a novel method to block nerve conduction by high frequency biphasic stimulation (HFBS) without...
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Basket Cells
Basket cells are GABAergic interneurons located in the basal one-third of the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Basket cells receive excitatory...
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Neither injury induced macrophages within the nerve, nor the environment created by Wallerian degeneration is necessary for enhanced in vivo axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury
BackgroundSince the 1990s, evidence has accumulated that macrophages promote peripheral nerve regeneration and are required for enhancing...
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What Happened in the Hippocampal Axon in a Rat Model of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Studies from postmortem and animal models have revealed altered synapse morphology and function in the brain of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)....
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Dual Specificity Phosphatases Support Axon Plasticity and Viability
In peripheral neuropathies, axonal degeneration (AxD) impairs the prognosis for recovery. Here, we describe a role for dual specificity phosphatases...
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Individual neuronal subtypes control initial myelin sheath growth and stabilization
BackgroundIn the develo** central nervous system, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes sample candidate nerve axons by extending and retracting process...
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The Axonal Actin Filament Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Relevance to Injury and Degeneration
Early investigations of the neuronal actin filament cytoskeleton gave rise to the notion that, although growth cones exhibit high levels of actin...
