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Enteroendocrine cells in the Echinodermata
Enteroendocrine cells are endocrine-like cells found in the luminal epithelia of the digestive tract. These cells have been described in most animal...
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A unique eukaryotic lineage of composite-like DNA transposons encoding a DDD/E transposase and a His-Me finger homing endonuclease
BackgroundDNA transposons are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes. A major group of them encode a DDD/E transposase and contain terminal...
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Marine Peptides and Their Bioactive Potentials: New Horizon for Biotherapeutics
Marine ecosystems act as a reservoir of innumerable novel bioactive compounds by instigating stressful environments. Thus, marine bio-resources have...
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Genomic loss of the HSP70cA gene in the vertebrate lineage
Metazoan 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) genes have been classified into four lineages: cytosolic A ( HSP70cA ), cytosolic B ( HSP70cB ), endoplasmic...
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Evolution of glial cells: a non-bilaterian perspective
Nervous systems of bilaterian animals generally consist of two cell types: neurons and glial cells. Despite accumulating data about the many...
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Expansion and collapse of VEGF diversity in major clades of the animal kingdom
Together with the platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs), the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) form the PDGF/VEGF subgroup among cystine...
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Echinodermata: The Complex Immune System in Echinoderms
The Echinodermata are an ancient phylum of benthic marine invertebrates with a dispersal-stage planktonic larva. These animals have innate immune...
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Tooling and Technology
Differences raised between “flexible tool users” and “stereotyped tool users” are based on whether mechanical actions have or have not a...
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Marine Biomaterials as Carrier of Drugs/Biomolecules for Management of Bone Disorders
Orthopedic disorders in human are the major concerns for the surgeons and medical specialties to treat in effective way. Various disorders of bone,...
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Potentiality of Probiotics in Inactivation of Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a powerful neurotoxin principally spotted in the liver, skin and gonads of puffer fishes. TTX is also reported from different...
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The role of Na+-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBT) in health and disease
Cellular and organism survival depends upon the regulation of pH, which is regulated by highly specialized cell membrane transporters, the solute...
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Regeneration of the digestive system in the crinoid Lamprometra palmata (Mariametridae, Comatulida)
The morphology and regeneration of the digestive system and tegmen after autotomy of the visceral mass in the crinoid Lamprometra palmata (Clark...
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Sea urchin (Diadema savignyi) extract as a novel protective agent against cisplatin induced neurotoxicity in rats
Neurotoxicity is a severe side effect of platinum compounds used for cancer chemotherapy such as Cisplatin. This neurotoxicity leads to severe...
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Embryonic development of a centralised brain in coleoid cephalopods
The last common ancestor of cephalopods and vertebrates lived about 580 million years ago, yet coleoid cephalopods, comprising squid, cuttlefish and...
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Coronas of micro/nano plastics: a key determinant in their risk assessments
As an emerging pollutant in the life cycle of plastic products, micro/nanoplastics (M/NPs) are increasingly being released into the natural...
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Neuraminic Acids/Sialic Acids (N-acetyl- and N-glycolylneuraminic Acid)
Currently, the three domains in life include eukaryote, archaea, and bacteria to organize life as representatives. Archaea and bacteria consist of...
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Antimicrobial Peptides
Purpose of ReviewThe review provides deep understanding on antimicrobial peptides, properties, mechanisms, role in treating diseases, computational...
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AcademH, a lineage of Academ DNA transposons encoding helicase found in animals and fungi
BackgroundDNA transposons are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes. Academ superfamily of DNA transposons is one of the least characterized...
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Biomarkers and Ecological indicators for Environmental Radioactivity in Invertebrates
This chapter presents an overview of biomarkers and ecological indicators used to measure radiation stress in invertebrates. Using examples, we will...