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N-acetylcysteine aggravates seizures while improving depressive-like and cognitive impairment comorbidities in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant with some demonstrated efficacy in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. NAC has shown anticonvulsant...
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The interaction between first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia and age based on gray matter volume and its molecular analysis: a multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study
ObjectivesSchizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by progressive and widespread gray matter (GM) atrophy. Studies have shown...
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Increased mGlu5 mRNA expression in BLA glutamate neurons facilitates resilience to the long-term effects of a single predator scent stress exposure
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals exposed to a trauma with core features being increased anxiety and impaired...
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Shank3 Deficiency Results in a Reduction in GABAergic Postsynaptic Puncta in the Olfactory Brain Areas
Dysfunctional sensory systems, including altered olfactory function, have recently been reported in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)....
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Brain alterations in GABA, glutamate and glutamine markers after chronic atrazine exposure in the male albino rat
Atrazine (ATR; 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) is an herbicide widely used to kill annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in crops...
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Adenosine A2A receptors blockade attenuates dexamethasone-induced alterations in cultured astrocytes
Anxiety involves abnormal glucocorticoid signalling and altered glia-neuron communication in brain regions processing emotional responses. Adenosine A
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Early Signs of Neuroinflammation in the Postnatal Wobbler Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
The Wobbler mouse is an accepted model of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The spinal cord of clinically symptomatic animals (3–5 months old)...
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Neurotoxicity in Psychostimulant and Opiate Addiction
Psychostimulants and opioids evoke toxicity within the central nervous system (CNS), primarily linked to action of the substance (e.g., enhancement...
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Neurotoxicity in Psychostimulant and Opiate Addiction
Psychostimulants and opioids evoke toxicity within the central nervous system (CNS), primarily linked to action of the substance (e.g., enhancement...
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Glia in Epilepsy: An Overview
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders affecting 1% of the world population and is characterized by recurrent, spontaneous...
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Glutamate Transporters and Mitochondria: Signaling, Co-compartmentalization, Functional Coupling, and Future Directions
In addition to being an amino acid that is incorporated into proteins, glutamate is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS, the...
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Quantitative Analysis of Presynaptic Vesicle Luminal pH in Cultured Neurons
Newly generated synaptic vesicles (SVs) are re-acidified by the activity of the vacuolar-type H+-ATPases. Since H+ gradient across SV membrane drives...
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Survey of the Spectrum of Classic Selective Neurotoxins
Selective neurotoxinsSelective neurotoxins are of value because of their ability to selectively destroy or disable a common group of nerves...
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Survey of the Spectrum of Classic Selective Neurotoxins
Selective neurotoxinsSelective neurotoxins are of value because of their ability to selectively destroy or disable a common group of nerves...
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Repeated cold stress, an animal model for fibromyalgia, elicits proprioceptor-induced chronic pain with microglial activation in mice
BackgroundFibromyalgia is characterized by chronic pain, fatigue, and other somatic symptoms. We have recently revealed that proprioceptor...
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Reductions in midbrain GABAergic and dopamine neuron markers are linked in schizophrenia
Reductions in the GABAergic neurotransmitter system exist across multiple brain regions in schizophrenia and encompass both pre- and postsynaptic...
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Glial Glutamine Homeostasis in Health and Disease
Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis,...
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Inhibition of CSPG-PTPσ Activates Autophagy Flux and Lysosome Fusion, Aids Axon and Synaptic Reorganization in Spinal Cord Injury
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and proteoglycan receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase σ (PTPσ) play a critical role in the pathology of...
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Neurotoxicity: A Complex Multistage Process Involving Different Mechanisms
Neurotoxicity is defined as alterations causing physical damage or disruption in the functions of the cells (neurons, glial cells) of the nervous...
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Astrocytes in Addictive Disorders
Astroglia are key regulators of synaptic function, playing central roles in homeostatic ion buffering, energy dynamics, transmitter uptake,...