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Cellular Stress Responses and Immunological Regulations During Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most devastating infectious diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A high percentage of mortality and...
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NOD1 and NOD2 and the Immune Response to Bacteria
The mammalian host has evolved to develop a diverse array of innate immune receptors and strategies to defend itself against infection by microbial...
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Nanomaterials: A Promising Tool for Drug Delivery
Nanotechnology is an ingenious approach that has potential utilization in the drug delivery system. Presently, many of the natural or synthetic...
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Heat-Shock Protein 16.3 Induces Macrophage M2 Polarization Through CCRL2/CX3CR1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the pathogen of tuberculosis (TB), can survive in host macrophages and induce macrophages to M2 phenotype might result in...
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Autophagy Regulation of Bacterial Pathogen Invasion
Autophagy pathway is highly conserved in all eukaryotic species and responsible for targeting of cytosol components, such as protein aggregates,...
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Importance in Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the cause of deadly disease tuberculosis, is an opportunistic pathogen that primarily infects host alveolar...
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NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis is required for HIV-1 gp120-induced neuropathology
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120 is the major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive...
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Functionalized Antibacterial Nanoparticles for Controlling Biofilm and Intracellular Infections
The intracellular and biofilm associated bacterial infections are difficult to treat due to the resistance potential of the organisms toward commonly...
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HIV and the Macrophage: From Cell Reservoirs to Drug Delivery to Viral Eradication
Macrophages serve as host cells, inflammatory disease drivers and drug runners for human immunodeficiency virus infection and treatments. Low-level...
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Glial phagocytic clearance in Parkinson’s disease
An emerging picture suggests that glial cells’ loss of beneficial roles or gain of toxic functions can contribute to neurodegenerative conditions....
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C-type Lectins in Immunity to Lung Pathogens
The respiratory tract is tasked with responding to a constant and vast influx of foreign agents. It acts as an important first line of defense in the...
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A Potential Role of Phospholipase 2 Group IIA (PLA2-IIA) in P. gingivalis-Induced Oral Dysbiosis
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen with the ability to induce oral dysbiosis and periodontal disease. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which...
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Fungal Immunoepidemiology
Invasive mycoses are responsible for staggering levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The public health impact of fungal infections is on...
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Insights into the tracking of the cysteine proteinase B COOH-terminal polypeptide of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis by surface plasmon resonance
Leishmania ( Leishmania ) amazonensis has adaptive mechanisms to the host environment that are guided by its proteinases, including cysteine proteinase...
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Deregulation of autophagy under hyperglycemic conditions is dependent on increased lysine 63 ubiquitination: a candidate mechanism in the progression of diabetic nephropathy
AbstractDiabetic nephropathy patients (DN) are characterized by increased lysine63 ubiquitination (Lys63-Ub) at the tubular level. Autophagy is...
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Biocompatibility, biodegradation and biomedical applications of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro and nanoparticles
BackgroundPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) are among the well-documented FDA-approved polymers used for the...
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Inflammasome and Cancer
The current chapter focuses on the role of inflammasome in cancer prevention and development. Emerging evidence suggested that inflammasome is...
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Macrophage-microbe interaction: lessons learned from the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Macrophages, being the cornerstone of the immune system, have adapted the ancient nutrient acquisition mechanism of phagocytosis to engulf various...
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URMC-099 facilitates amyloid-β clearance in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundThe mixed lineage kinase type 3 inhibitor URMC-099 facilitates amyloid-beta (Aβ) clearance and degradation in cultured murine microglia....
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Antioxidants for Health and Longevity
Aging is an inevitable process due to functional and structural loss in the body accrued over a period of time owing to harmful effects of free...