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An adapted protocol to derive microglia from stem cells and its application in the study of CSF1R-related disorders
BackgroundInduced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia (iMGL) represent an excellent tool in studying microglial function in health and disease....
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Comprehensive gene expression meta-analysis identifies signature genes that distinguish microglia from peripheral monocytes/macrophages in health and glioma
Monocytes/macrophages have begun to emerge as key cellular modulators of brain homeostasis and central nervous system (CNS) disease. In the healthy...
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Cognate microglia–T cell interactions shape the functional regulatory T cell pool in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis pathology
Microglia, the parenchymal brain macrophages of the central nervous system, have emerged as critical players in brain development and homeostasis....
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Temporal tracking of microglial and monocyte single-cell transcriptomics in lethal flavivirus infection
As the resident parenchymal myeloid population in the central nervous system (CNS), microglia are strategically positioned to respond to neurotropic...
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Oxidized phosphatidylcholines found in multiple sclerosis lesions mediate neurodegeneration and are neutralized by microglia
Neurodegeneration occurring in multiple sclerosis (MS) contributes to the progression of disability. It is therefore important to identify and...
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Epigenome-wide association study of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: results from the discovery-BPD program
BackgroundBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease in premature infants caused by therapeutic oxygen supplemental and characterized by...
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APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic...
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The relationship between extreme inter-individual variation in macrophage gene expression and genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease
The differentiation of resident intestinal macrophages from blood monocytes depends upon signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor...
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Immune-related prognosis biomarkers associated with osteosarcoma microenvironment
BackgroundOsteosarcoma is a highly aggressive bone tumor that most commonly affects children and adolescents. Treatment and outcomes for osteosarcoma...
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Integrative in situ map** of single-cell transcriptional states and tissue histopathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Complex diseases are characterized by spatiotemporal cellular and molecular changes that may be difficult to comprehensively capture. However,...
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APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints
The APOE4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The contribution of microglial APOE4 to AD...
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Human stem cell models to study host–virus interactions in the central nervous system
Advancements in human pluripotent stem cell technology offer a unique opportunity for the neuroimmunology field to study host–virus interactions...
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Single-cell profiling of human dura and meningioma reveals cellular meningeal landscape and insights into meningioma immune response
BackgroundRecent investigations of the meninges have highlighted the importance of the dura layer in central nervous system immune surveillance...
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Single-cell transcriptomics of the ventral posterolateral nucleus-enriched thalamic regions from HSV-1-infected mice reveal a novel microglia/microglia-like transcriptional response
BackgroundMicroglia participate in the immune response upon central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, the role of these cells during herpes...
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Human Huntington’s disease pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia develop normally but are abnormally hyper-reactive and release elevated levels of reactive oxygen species
BackgroundNeuroinflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease, given evidence of activated microglia and elevated levels of...
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Profiling peripheral nerve macrophages reveals two macrophage subsets with distinct localization, transcriptome and response to injury
While CNS microglia have been extensively studied, relatively little is known about macrophages populating the peripheral nervous system. Here we...
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BIN1 is a key regulator of proinflammatory and neurodegeneration-related activation in microglia
BackgroundThe BIN1 locus contains the second-most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. BIN1 undergoes alternate...
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Microglial-associated responses to comorbid amyloid pathology and hyperhomocysteinemia in an aged knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
BackgroundElevated blood homocysteine levels, termed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in elderly...
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The cytokines interleukin-6 and interferon-α induce distinct microglia phenotypes
BackgroundElevated production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 or interferon (IFN)-α in the central nervous system (CNS) is implicated in the...
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Neural In Vitro Models for Studying Substances Acting on the Central Nervous System
Animal models have been greatly contributing to our understanding of physiology, mechanisms of diseases, and toxicity. Yet, their limitations due to,...