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TLR Signaling in Brain Immunity
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a group of transmembrane proteins with crucial roles in pathogen recognition, immune responses, and signal...
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Grou** of orally ingested silica nanomaterials via use of an integrated approach to testing and assessment to streamline risk assessment
BackgroundNanomaterials can exist in different nanoforms (NFs). Their grou** may be supported by the formulation of hypotheses which can be...
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) in Neutrophils: An Insight
NO (nitric oxide) is an important regulator of neutrophil functions and has a key role in diverse pathophysiological conditions. NO production by...
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NLRP inflammasomes in health and disease
NLRP inflammasomes are a group of cytosolic multiprotein oligomer pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in the recognition of...
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Efferocytosis in health and disease
The clearance of apoptotic cells by professional and non-professional phagocytes — a process termed ‘efferocytosis’ — is essential for the...
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Factors influencing phagocytosis of malaria parasites: the story so far
There are seven known species of Plasmodium spp. that can infect humans. The human host can mount a complex network of immunological responses to...
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The essential functions of mitochondrial dynamics in immune cells
Mitochondria are highly mobile organelles due to fission, fusion, transport, and mitophagy, and these processes are known as mitochondrial dynamics....
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Pathogenic Mechanisms of Streptococcal Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections
Necrotizing skin and soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are severe life-threatening and rapidly progressing infections. Beta-hemolytic streptococci,...
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NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric cytosolic protein complex that assembles in response to cellular perturbations. This assembly leads to the...
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Bovine Collectins: Role in Health and Disease
Mammalian collectins play key roles in innate immunity, health and disease. These have been well studied in humans and other mammalian species, but...
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Immune Responses to Bacterial Infections
Bacterial infections of the liver encompass a heterogeneous group of pathogens that directly or indirectly inflict the liver. Direct infection may...
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Respirable stone particles differ in their ability to induce cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory responses in cell models of the human airways
BackgroundRespirable stone- and mineral particles may be a major constituent in occupational and ambient air pollution and represent a possible...
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DNA sensing by the cGAS–STING pathway in health and disease
The detection of pathogens through nucleic acid sensors is a defining principle of innate immunity. RNA-sensing and DNA-sensing receptors sample...
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The Missing Piece? A Case for Microglia’s Prominent Role in the Therapeutic Action of Anesthetics, Ketamine, and Psychedelics
AbstractThere is much excitement surrounding recent research of promising, mechanistically novel psychotherapeutics – psychedelic, anesthetic, and...
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The puzzling issue of silica toxicity: are silanols bridging the gaps between surface states and pathogenicity?
BackgroundSilica continues to represent an intriguing topic of fundamental and applied research across various scientific fields, from geology to...
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Microglial Dysfunction in Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration
Aging impacts nearly every tissue and function in an organism and presents the primary risk factor for major human diseases, including...
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Imipramine blocks acute silicosis in a mouse model
BackgroundInhalation of crystalline silica is associated with pulmonary inflammation and silicosis. Although silicosis remains a prevalent health...
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The emerging role of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been the world’s driving fatal bacterial contagious disease globally. It continues...
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Cellular Toxicity and Immunological Effects of Carbon-based Nanomaterials
BackgroundCarbon nanomaterials are a growing family of materials featuring unique physicochemical properties, and their widespread application is...
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Pathogenesis of Biomaterial-Associated Infection
Biomaterial infections associated with indwelling surgical devices are responsible for ~50% of all nosocomial infections. The development of...