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HIV-1 Sanctuary Sites—the Role of Membrane-Associated Drug Transporters and Drug Metabolic Enzymes
Despite significant advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection with highly active antiretroviral drug therapy, the...
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Disruption of the ADAM17/NF-κB feedback loop in astrocytes ameliorates HIV-1 Tat-induced inflammatory response and neuronal death
A disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are involved in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of ADAMs in...
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Leveraging antigenic seniority for maternal vaccination to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1
The development of a maternal HIV vaccine to synergize with current antiretroviral drug prophylaxis can overcome implementation challenges and...
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Optimization of AAV vectors to target persistent viral reservoirs
Gene delivery of antiviral therapeutics to anatomical sites where viruses accumulate and persist is a promising approach for the next generation of...
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Advances in HIV therapeutics and cure strategies: findings obtained through non-human primate studies
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the main contributor of the ongoing AIDS epidemic, remains one of the most challenging and complex viruses to...
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New insights into pathogenesis point to HIV-1 Tat as a key vaccine target
Despite over 30 years of enormous effort and progress in the field, no preventative and/or therapeutic vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus...
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HIV-1 Tat drives the Fabp4/NF-κB feedback loop in microglia to mediate inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are relevant to multiple neurodegenerative diseases. However, the roles and mechanisms of FABPs in HIV-associated...
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Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection
BackgroundNeurological complications are common in patients affected by COVID-19 due to the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect brains. While the...
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Immunometabolism and HIV-1 pathogenesis: food for thought
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of...
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Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection: From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset
Although monocytes and macrophages are key mediators of the innate immune system, the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive immune...
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Diversity in heat shock protein families: functional implications in virus infection with a comprehensive insight of their role in the HIV-1 life cycle
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of cellular proteins that are induced during stress conditions such as heat stress, cold shock, UV irradiation...
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Intestinal endothelial cells increase HIV infection and latency in resting and activated CD4 + T cells, particularly affecting CCR6 + CD4 + T cells
BackgroundWith suppressive antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is well-managed in most patients. However, eradication and cure are still beyond...
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Immunogenic arenavirus vector SIV vaccine reduces setpoint viral load in SIV-challenged rhesus monkeys
HIV affects more than 38 million people worldwide. Although HIV can be effectively treated by lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy, only a...
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HIV-1 and human genetic variation
Over the past four decades, research on the natural history of HIV infection has described how HIV wreaks havoc on human immunity and causes AIDS....
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Potential pharmacological approaches for the treatment of HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders
HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are the spectrum of cognitive impairments present in patients infected with human immunodeficiency...
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Epigenetic crosstalk in chronic infection with HIV-1
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) replicates through the integration of its viral DNA into the genome of human immune target cells. Chronically...
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LEDGINs, Inhibitors of the Interaction Between HIV-1 Integrase and LEDGF/p75, Are Potent Antivirals with a Potential to Cure HIV Infection
A permanent cure remains the greatest challenge in the field of HIV research. In order to reach this goal, a profound understanding of the molecular...
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Longitudinal analysis of subtype C envelope tropism for memory CD4+ T cell subsets over the first 3 years of untreated HIV-1 infection
BackgroundHIV-1 infects a wide range of CD4 + T cells with different phenotypic properties and differing expression levels of entry coreceptors. We...
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Transmitted/founder SHIV.D replicates in the brain, causes neuropathogenesis, and persists on combination antiretroviral therapy in rhesus macaques
A biologically relevant non-human primate (NHP) model of HIV persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) is necessary. Most current NHP/SIV...
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HIV
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life-threatening chronic condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection...