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Ventral tegmental area connections to motor and sensory cortical fields in humans
In humans, sensorimotor cortical areas receive relevant dopaminergic innervation—although an anatomic description of the underlying fiber projections...
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Anatomical characterisation of three different psychosurgical targets in the subthalamic area: from the basal ganglia to the limbic system
Effective neural stimulation for the treatment of severe psychiatric disorders needs accurate characterisation of surgical targets. This is...
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Ventral striatal islands of Calleja neurons control grooming in mice
The striatum comprises multiple subdivisions and neural circuits that differentially control motor output. The islands of Calleja (IC) contain...
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Pretectum p1 (Prosomere 1)
Structures dealt with in this chapter according to genoarchitectonical reasons no longer can be summarized under the term brainstem (Watson et al.,...
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Effects of Compound 511 on BDNF-TrkB Signaling in the Mice Ventral Tegmental Area in Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference
Compound 511 (511) is specially developed for opioid addiction treatment based on the Ancient Chinese drug rehabilitation literature, and its...
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Neurovascular and immune factors of vulnerability of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons in non-human primates
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degenerate prominently in Parkinson’s disease (PD), while those...
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Rhombomere 1 r1
This chapter is one of the most voluminous of this book. This is due to the fact that a number of important structures are derivatives of rhombomere...
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Mesencephalon m1/m2
Two important structures of the visual/oculomotor system originate from this neuromere, the superior colliculus, and the oculomotor nucleus/nerve...
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C57BL/6J offspring mice reared by a single-mother exhibit, compared to mice reared in a biparental parenting structure, distinct neural activation patterns and heightened ethanol-induced anxiolysis
RationaleParenting experiences with caregivers play a key role in neurodevelopment. We recently reported that adolescents reared by a single-mother...
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The MAM Model to Study the Role of Dopamine in Schizophrenia
Offspring derived from prenatal administration of methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) represent a well-validated animal model to study...
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Optogenetic Animal Models of Depression: From Mice to Men
Optogenetics, the light-induced reversible control of specific neuronal ensembles, has revolutionized the circuit level analysis of depression,...
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Magnetic susceptibility changes in the brainstem reflect REM sleep without atonia severity in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder
REM sleep without atonia (RWA) is the hallmark of isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and is caused by neurodegeneration of brainstem...
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Corticostriatal Circuitry
The cortico network plays a central role develo** appropriate goal-directed behaviors, including the motivation and cognition to develop...
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Stereological estimations and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GABAA and GABAB receptors in the rat pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei
To better understand GABAergic transmission at two targets of basal ganglia downstream projections, the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal (LDT)...
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Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Reward
Cerebellum is a key-structure for the modulation of motor, cognitive, social and affective functions, contributing to automatic behaviours through...
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Alterations and adaptation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons in animal models of depression
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric diseases, affecting the quality of life of millions of people. Ventral tegmental area (VTA)...
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Electrical stimulation mPFC affects morphine addiction by changing glutamate concentration in the ventral tegmental area
Morphine addiction is known as a serious social problem. Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are two important sites of...
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A Method for Training Rats to Electrical Self-Stimulation in Response to Raising the Head Using a Telemetry Apparatus to Record Extracellular Dopamine Levels
We present here a method for training rats to perform electrical self-stimulation in response to elevating the head using a telemetry device to...
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State and rate-of-change encoding in parallel mesoaccumbal dopamine pathways
The nervous system uses fast- and slow-adapting sensory detectors in parallel to enable neuronal representations of external states and their...
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Investigations of brain-wide functional and structural networks of dopaminergic and CamKIIα-positive neurons in VTA with DREADD-fMRI and neurotropic virus tracing technologies
BackgroundThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) contains heterogeneous cell populations. The dopaminergic neurons in VTA play a central role in reward and...
