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A Shoulder Musculoskeletal Model with Three-Dimensional Complex Muscle Geometries
Muscle structure is an essential component in typical computational models of the musculoskeletal system. Almost all musculoskeletal models represent...
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Muscarinic Regulation of Gastrointestinal Motility
In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, acetylcholine is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter that binds to and stimulates muscarinic receptors...
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How to face the hemifacial spasm: challenges and misconceptions
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterised by intermittent, brief or sustained, repetitive contractions of the muscles innervated by one facial nerve....
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Optimization of Female Head–Neck Model with Active Reflexive Cervical Muscles in Low Severity Rear Impact Collisions
ViVA Open Human Body Model (HBM) is an open-source human body model that was developed to fill the gap of currently available models that lacked the...
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Evaluation of Apparatus and Protocols to Measure Human Passive Neck Stiffness and Range of Motion
Understanding of human neck stiffness and range of motion (ROM) with minimal neck muscle activation (“passive”) is important for clinical and...
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MRI Evaluation of Gene Therapy in the Canine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established and widely used technique to characterize and quantify skeletal and cardiac muscle changes in...
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Quantifying the Importance of Active Muscle Repositioning a Finite Element Neck Model in Flexion Using Kinematic, Kinetic, and Tissue-Level Responses
PurposeNon-neutral neck positions are important initial conditions in impact scenarios, associated with a higher incidence of injury. Repositioning...
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Skeletal muscle regeneration after extensive cryoinjury of caudal myomeres in adult zebrafish
Skeletal muscles can regenerate after minor injuries, but severe structural damage often leads to fibrosis in mammals. Whether adult zebrafish...
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An Extended Neck Position is Likely to Produce Cervical Spine Injuries Through Buckling in Accidental Head-First Impacts During Rugby Tackling
Catastrophic cervical spine injuries in rugby often occur during tackling. The underlying mechanisms leading to these injuries remain unclear, with...
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Brain Tumors Affecting the Orbit Globe and Orbit Tumors Affecting the Brain
Brain tumorsBrain tumor affecting the orbitOrbit and orbital tumorsOrbital tumors affecting the brain are a heterogeneousHeterogeneous group of...
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In vivo through-range passive stiffness of the lumbar spine: a meta-analysis of measurements and methods
Passive spinal stiffness is an important property thought to play a significant role in controlling spinal position and movement. Measuring...
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Non-destructive Characterization of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Morphology by Combining Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Imaging with Tissue Clearing
Histology is an essential step to visualize and analyze the microstructure of any biological tissue; however, histological processing is often...
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Change in Lumbar Muscle Size and Composition on MRI with Long-Duration Spaceflight
Prolonged microgravity results in muscle atrophy, especially among the anti-gravity spinal muscles. How individual paravertebral muscle groups change...
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Inter-muscular coordination during running on grass, concrete and treadmill
Running is an exercise that can be performed in different environments that imposes distinct foot–floor interactions. For instance, running on grass...
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Lumbar muscle adaptations to external perturbations are modulated by trunk posture
PurposeTo investigate if the recruitment of different regions within the lumbar extensor muscles in response to unexpected perturbations depends on...
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Structural and Mechanical Properties of Human Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Arteries
The femoropopliteal artery (FPA) is the main artery in the lower limb. It supplies blood to the leg muscles and undergoes complex deformations during...
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Role of the T-Tubules in the Control of Cellular Calcium and Inotropic Interventions in Cardiac Ventricular Myocytes
The sarcolemma of mammalian cardiac ventricular myocytes contains a system of invaginations known as transverse (or t-) tubules that arise through...
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Para-spinal abscess presenting with abdominal pain—a case report of ‘red herring’ symptoms
IntroductionParaspinal abscesses are rare infections affecting the paraspinal muscles and soft tissues. An evolving abscess may pose a threat to the...
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Rhombomere 10 r10
Ascending cranially in the brainstem, this chapter deals with some more precerebellar nuclei—projecting to the cerebellum—like the lateral reticular...
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Muscular Dystrophy: Underlying Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms and Various Nanotherapeutic Approaches for Muscular Dystrophy
Muscular dystrophy (MD) corresponds to a cluster of approximately 30–40 genetically controlled diseases, which exhibit inheritance patterns that are...