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In situ analysis of neuronal injury and neuroinflammation during HIV-1 infection
BackgroundSince the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the brain has become an important human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
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Comparative analysis of retroviral Gag-host cell interactions: focus on the nuclear interactome
Retroviruses exploit host proteins to assemble and release virions from infected cells. Previously, most studies focused on interacting partners of...
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Retroviral PBS-segment sequence and structure: Orchestrating early and late replication events
An essential regulatory hub for retroviral replication events, the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) encodes an ensemble of cis-acting replication...
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HIV-1 with gag processing defects activates cGAS sensing
BackgroundDetection of viruses by host pattern recognition receptors induces the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes...
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Inhibition of caspase pathways limits CD4+ T cell loss and restores host anti-retroviral function in HIV-1 infected humanized mice with augmented lymphoid tissue
The study of HIV infection and pathogenicity in physical reservoirs requires a biologically relevant model. The human immune system (HIS) mouse is an...
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HERV-W upregulation expression in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: unraveling potential links to systemic immune/inflammation status
BackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the two main mental disorders with unknown etiology that significantly impact individuals’...
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The cell biology of HIV-1 latency and rebound
Transcriptionally latent forms of replication-competent proviruses, present primarily in a small subset of memory CD4 + T cells, pose the primary...
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MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses...
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HERVK-mediated regulation of neighboring genes: implications for breast cancer prognosis
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are the remnants of ancient retroviral infections integrated into the human genome. Although most HERVs are...
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Endogenous feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat integration site diversity is highly variable in related and unrelated domestic cats
Endogenous retroviruses (ERV) are indicators of vertebrate evolutionary history and play important roles as homeostatic regulators. ERV long terminal...
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The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1
Chemokines are cytokines whose primary role is cellular activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. They perform their various functions by...
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The HIV-1 gag p6: a promising target for therapeutic intervention
The p6 domain of the Gag precursors (Gag p6) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays multifunctional roles in the viral life cycle. It...
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Murine leukemia virus (MLV) P50 protein induces cell transformation via transcriptional regulatory function
BackgroundThe murine leukemia virus (MLV) has been a powerful model of pathogenesis for the discovery of genes involved in cancer. Its splice donor...
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Primate TRIM34 is a broadly-acting, TRIM5-dependent lentiviral restriction factor
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses adapt to new hosts by evolving to evade host-specific innate immune proteins that differ in...
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Analysis of PERV-C superinfection resistance using HA-tagged viruses
BackgroundUsing pigs as organ donors has advanced xenotransplantation to the point that it is almost ready for clinical use. However, there is still...
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Transmitted/founder SHIV.D replicates in the brain, causes neuropathogenesis, and persists on combination antiretroviral therapy in rhesus macaques
A biologically relevant non-human primate (NHP) model of HIV persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) is necessary. Most current NHP/SIV...
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A complex network of transcription factors and epigenetic regulators involved in bovine leukemia virus transcriptional regulation
Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is the etiological agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, a disease characterized by the neoplastic proliferation of B cells...
