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    Article

    Effects of Nectar Property on Compensated Dip** Behavior of Honey Bees with Damaged Tongues

    In nature, bees with damaged tongues are adapted to have a feat in collecting nectariferous sources in a large spectrum of concentrations (19%–69%) or viscosities (10–3 Pa·s to 10–1 Pa·s); however, effects of nec...

    **grui Wang, Yu Sun, Wei Zhang, Yunqiang Yang, Shaoze Yan in Journal of Bionic Engineering (2021)

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    Article

    Operculum of a Water Snail is a Hydrodynamic Lubrication Sheet

    Water snails developed a distinct appendage, the operculum, to better protect the body against predators. When the animal is active and crawling, part of the underside of the shell rests on the outer surface o...

    **aoyan Xu, Jianing Wu, Yunqiang Yang, Rengao Zhu in Journal of Bionic Engineering (2018)

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    The Honeybee’s Protrusible Glossa is a Compliant Mechanism

    Many biological structures can perform highly-dexterous actions by using dynamic surfaces. To deal with the contradictive demands of high feeding efficiency and low energy expenditure during nectar feeding, th...

    Yunqiang Yang, Jianing Wu, Rengao Zhu, Chuchu Li in Journal of Bionic Engineering (2017)

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    Article

    Drag Reduction in the Mouthpart of a Honeybee Facilitated by Galea Ridges for Nectar-Dip** Strategy

    Some nectarivorous animals have evolved highly specialized tongues to gather nectar from flowers. Here we show that the Italian honeybee, Apis mellifera ligustica, uses the uniformly-distributed ridges on the int...

    Chuchu Li, Jianing Wu, Yunqiang Yang, Rengao Zhu in Journal of Bionic Engineering (2015)