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  1. No Access

    Article

    Near Earth Current Meander (Necm) Model of Substorms

    We propose that the appropriate instability to trigger a substorm is a tailward meander (in the equatorial plane) of the strong current filament that develops during the growth phase. From this single assumpti...

    W.J. Heikkila, T. Chen, Z.X. Liu, Z.Y. Pu, R.J. Pellinen… in Space Science Reviews (2001)

  2. No Access

    Article

    Comment on Lockwood and Davis, “On the longitudinal extent of magnetopause reconnection pulses”

    Lockwood and Davis (1996) present a concise description of magnetopause reconnection pulses, with the claimed support of three types of observations: (1) flux transfer events (FTE), (2) poleward-moving auroral...

    W. J. Heikkila in Annales Geophysicae (1999)

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    Article

    Magnetic reconnection, merging, and viscous interaction in the magnetosphere

    Two ideas were advanced for the process of solar wind-magnetospheric interaction in the same year 1961. Dungey suggested that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), although weak, might determine the nature ...

    W. J. Heikkila in Space Science Reviews (1990)

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    Article

    Critique of fluid theory of magnetospheric phenomena

    It is pointed out that the fluid theory has been successful in magnetospheric problems (such as the shape of the magnetopause) which involve basic considerations such as the conservation of particles, of momen...

    W. J. Heikkila in Astrophysics and Space Science (1973)

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    Chapter and Conference Paper

    Photoelectrons Emitted from ISIS Spacecraft

    The ISIS-1 and ISIS-2 satelites carried Soft Particle Spectrometers furnished by the University of Texas at Dallas. Observations of low energy electron fluxes are presented in which photoelectrons emitted from...

    G. L. Wrenn, W. J. Heikkila in Photon and Particle Interactions with Surfaces in Space (1973)

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    Article

    Satellite Observations of Soft Particle Fluxes in the Auroral Zone

    THIS is a preliminary report of measurements of electron and proton precipitation in the auroral zone by a soft particle spectrometer (SPS) in the ISIS-1 satellite. The recordings were made at the telemetry st...

    W. J. HEIKKILA in Nature (1970)

  7. No Access

    Article

    Direct Observations of Low-energy Electrons in the Disturbed Ionospheric E-region

    DIFFERENTIAL spectra of electrons 20–3,000 eV in energy have been directly measured in the ionosphere for the first time. The spectrometer used an open electron multiplier as its detector, counting individual ...

    W. J. HEIKKILA, D. L. MATTHEWS in Nature (1964)