-
Article
Open AccessUsing network analysis to identify leverage points based on causal loop diagrams leads to false inference
Network analysis is gaining momentum as an accepted practice to identify which factors in causal loop diagrams (CLDs)—mental models that graphically represent causal relationships between a system’s factors—ar...
-
Article
Open AccessEvaluating the performance of multivariate indicators of resilience loss
Various complex systems, such as the climate, ecosystems, and physical and mental health can show large shifts in response to small changes in their environment. These ‘tip** points’ are notoriously hard to ...
-
Article
Open AccessQuestionnaire data analysis using information geometry
The analysis of questionnaires often involves representing the high-dimensional responses in a low-dimensional space (e.g., PCA, MCA, or t-SNE). However questionnaire data often contains categorical variables ...
-
Article
Open AccessInferring causation from time series in Earth system sciences
The heart of the scientific enterprise is a rational effort to understand the causes behind the phenomena we observe. In large-scale complex dynamical systems such as the Earth system, real experiments are rar...
-
Article
Open AccessInformation dissipation as an early-warning signal for the Lehman Brothers collapse in financial time series
In financial markets, participants locally optimize their profit which can result in a globally unstable state leading to a catastrophic change. The largest crash in the past decades is the bankruptcy of Lehma...