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  1. Article

    Open Access

    Using network analysis to identify leverage points based on causal loop diagrams leads to false inference

    Network analysis is gaining momentum as an accepted practice to identify which factors in causal loop diagrams (CLDs)—mental models that graphically represent causal relationships between a system’s factors—ar...

    Loes Crielaard, Rick Quax, Alexia D. M. Sawyer, Vítor V. Vasconcelos in Scientific Reports (2023)

  2. Article

    Open Access

    Evaluating the performance of multivariate indicators of resilience loss

    Various complex systems, such as the climate, ecosystems, and physical and mental health can show large shifts in response to small changes in their environment. These ‘tip** points’ are notoriously hard to ...

    Els Weinans, Rick Quax, Egbert H. van Nes, Ingrid A. van de Leemput in Scientific Reports (2021)

  3. Article

    Open Access

    Questionnaire data analysis using information geometry

    The analysis of questionnaires often involves representing the high-dimensional responses in a low-dimensional space (e.g., PCA, MCA, or t-SNE). However questionnaire data often contains categorical variables ...

    Omri Har-Shemesh, Rick Quax, J. Stephen Lansing, Peter M. A. Sloot in Scientific Reports (2020)

  4. Article

    Open Access

    Inferring causation from time series in Earth system sciences

    The heart of the scientific enterprise is a rational effort to understand the causes behind the phenomena we observe. In large-scale complex dynamical systems such as the Earth system, real experiments are rar...

    Jakob Runge, Sebastian Bathiany, Erik Bollt, Gustau Camps-Valls in Nature Communications (2019)

  5. Article

    Open Access

    Information dissipation as an early-warning signal for the Lehman Brothers collapse in financial time series

    In financial markets, participants locally optimize their profit which can result in a globally unstable state leading to a catastrophic change. The largest crash in the past decades is the bankruptcy of Lehma...

    Rick Quax, Drona Kandhai, Peter M. A. Sloot in Scientific Reports (2013)