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    A Closed-Loop Supply Chain Equilibrium Model with Random and Price-Sensitive Demand and Return

    This paper proposes a decentralized closed-loop supply chain network model consisting of raw material suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and recovery centers. We assume that the demands for the product and t...

    Younes Hamdouch, Qiang Patrick Qiang, Kilani Ghoudi in Networks and Spatial Economics (2017)