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Article
Open AccessUltrasonic excitation during press-fit joining of electrical contacts
Ultrasonic excitation of pins during a press-in process can reduce the press-in force. There are various theories describing the reason for the force reduction. In this paper, the printed circuit board (PCB) w...
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Article
Open AccessMicrostructure of TiN coatings synthesized by direct pulsed Nd:YAG laser nitriding of titanium: Development of grain size, microstrain, and grain orientation
Pure titanium was irradiated by pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere. As a result, nitrogen uptake and diffusion occurred and a TiN layer was synthesized at the titanium surface. These TiN co...