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Article
Sexual transmission of HIV in Africa
Other routes of infection are not the dominant contributor to the African epidemic.
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Article
Contaminated polio vaccine theory refuted
Despite strong evidence to the contrary1,2,3,4,5, speculation continues that the AIDS virus, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), may have crossed into humans as a result of contamination of the oral poli...
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Article
Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960
A histological specimen from the University of Kinshasa archives has been used to obtain HIV gene sequences dating back to the pre-AIDS era. From a lymph node biopsy taken in 1960 from an adult female in Léopo...
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Article
Open AccessOrigins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic
A phylogenetic analysis of swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus provides evidence that the virus is a reassortment possessing genes from avian, swine and human origin viruses. The pandemic virus appears to have...
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Article
Open AccessAccommodating individual travel history and unsampled diversity in Bayesian phylogeographic inference of SARS-CoV-2
Spatiotemporal bias in genome sampling can severely confound discrete trait phylogeographic inference. This has impeded our ability to accurately track the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the C...
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Open AccessArchival influenza virus genomes from Europe reveal genomic variability during the 1918 pandemic
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the deadliest respiratory pandemic of the 20th century and determined the genomic make-up of subsequent human influenza A viruses (IAV). Here, we analyze both the first 1918 IAV...
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Article
Open AccessCompetent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults following two doses of mRNA vaccination
Aging is associated with a reduced magnitude of primary immune responses to vaccination. mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have shown efficacy in older adults but virus variant escape is still unclear. Here we an...