SpringerBriefs in Neuroscience
Volume 12 / 2013
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33 Result(s)
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Leonard F. Koziol
Rehabilitation
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Book Series
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Book
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Chapter
Missing Elements in the Neuropsychological Assessment of EF
There are many reasons why current neuropsychological tests can demonstrate only limited utility in the assessment of cognitive control. One reason concerns the paradigm upon which many neuropsychological test...
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Chapter
How Well Do These Principles “Fit” Exceptional Cases?
So, if the attentive reader follows the logic of this argument, a seemingly significant problem emerges. Why is it that people who were never able to move still acquire thinking capability? Once again, consist...
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Chapter
The Exceptionality of the Congenitally Blind
If movement and cognition are linked, then it follows that people who are born blind should provide additional clues about the development of thinking. Although more research is needed in the area of cognition...
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Chapter
Ways of Generating Behavior
Organisms are not stationary. Organisms must move! Therefore, adaptation is not static. Instead, it is dynamic. It is based upon continuous interaction with the environment. Therefore, adaptation is based upon...
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Chapter
Clues to Understanding the Phylogeny of Behavioral Control
Any living organism has, by definition, successfully adapted to its environment. And, broadly speaking, success leaves behind its clues. Reviewing the “duties” of the vertebrate brain provides these clues. Accord...
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Chapter
The Four Steps of the Development of the Cognitive Control System
Thinking evolved in order to develop the ability for anticipation to guide the physical actions necessary for survival. In other words, we “think” in order to control and anticipate the outcomes of what we do;...
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Chapter
Why Cognitive Control Is an Expansion of Cortical-Cerebellar and Cortical-Basal Ganglia Motor Control Systems
In addition to the lateral left and right hemispheric divisions of the brain, the neocortex can also be divided along an anterior and posterior gradient. The posterior regions, or the occipital, parietal, and ...
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Chapter
Structure and Function of the Cerebro-Cerebellar Circuitry System
Schmahmann and Pandya [38] are arguably the primary source in describing the cerebro-cerebellar circuitry system, although other investigators have made critical contributions as well [215, 218]. While it is a...
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Chapter
Interim Summary
This paper recommends banishing the term “executive functioning” and replacing it with the concept of a “cognitive control system.” This system is likely an evolutionary extension of the vertically organized c...
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Chapter
Cognitive Control, Reward, and the Basal Ganglia
The action selection, or gating function of the basal ganglia is dependent upon the integrity of the dopaminergic reward system (see Volume I for an illustration of dopaminergic pathways [2]). At base, this is...
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Chapter
Why People Who Cannot Move Are Able to Think
The first clue in approaching an answer concerns the fact that for the brain, the only difference between planning or imagining an activity and engaging in the activity is the actual execution of that behavior...
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Chapter
The Exceptionality of Deafness
Deafness represents another area of exceptional presentation potentially important to the development of cognition. Deaf people can observe. However, to refresh the readers memory, in the above discussion of t...
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Chapter
Summary, Conclusions, and Future Direction
In kee** with Einstein’s quote used to introduce this volume, an attempt was made to understand EF by trying to simplify and identify its stimulus-based characteristics. EF represents an ambiguous issue. Amb...
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Chapter
The Motor Examination
Because of the nature of development, with its dependence on sensorimotor interaction, an assessment of motor functioning is critical to a meaningful evaluation of the cognitive control system. In this regard,...
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Chapter
Problem Solving: Practical Examples and Additional Properties
Under a variety of circumstances, breaking down a problem or reducing it to its stimulus-based properties might seem easy, and as a result, a solution can be found very quickly. For example, once it is underst...
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Chapter
Neuropsychological Constructs, Assumptions, and Executive Functioning: Revisiting Principles of Brain Organization
In the 1800s, Dr. Paul Broca observed that patients with expressive aphasia, which is sometimes termed motor aphasia, had lesions in the anterior frontal lobe. Dr. Wernicke later reported that certain patients...
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Chapter
Large Scale Brain Systems
The concept of large scale brain systems was reviewed in detail in Volume I of this series [2], which described a model of brain-behavior relationships using ADHD as proxy. Seven patterns of connectivity have ...
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Chapter
The Novelty-Routinization Principle of Brain Organization
The verbal–non-verbal dichotomy of left versus right hemispheric specialization of brain function is problematic for several reasons. To start with, it is not biologically consistent across different species o...
