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    Chapter

    Measurements of Gas Temperature in a Pulse Tube Using the Planar Laser Raleigh Scattering Method

    In pulse tube refrigerators, the behavior of gas in the pulse tube is considered to influence the performance of refrigerator. In order to improve this performance, it is necessary to observe characteristics o...

    K. Nara, Y. Hagiwara, S. Ito in Cryocoolers 10 (2002)

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    Chapter

    Simulated Annealing Applications

    Simulated Annealing (SA) is a method to solve an optimization problem by simulating a stochastic thermal dynamics of a metal cooling process. SA obtains an optimal solution by simulating a physical fact that l...

    K. Nara in Modern Optimisation Techniques in Power Systems (1999)