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Article
Open AccessImmune cell profiles of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients expressed anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase or anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 autoantibodies
Patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) often express a different type of myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs), each associated with different clinical symptoms. Understanding the immunopathoge...
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Article
Open AccessAmelioration of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via TGF-β-induced Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways in galectin-9-deficient mice and fibroblast cells
Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside-binding protein with two carbohydrate recognition domains. Recent studies have revealed that galectin-9 regulates cellular biological reactions and plays a pivotal role in fibrosi...
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Article
The kinase GLK controls autoimmunity and NF-κB signaling by activating the kinase PKC-θ in T cells
The enzyme that directly activates the kinase PKC-θ during T cell antigen receptor signaling is still unknown. Tan and colleagues show that the serine-threonine kinase GLK is a direct activator of PKC-θ.