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Article
Open AccessCapturing the generation and structural transformations of molecular ions
Molecular ions are ubiquitous and play pivotal roles1–3 in many reactions, particularly in the context of atmospheric and interstellar chemistry4–6. However, their structures and conformational transitions7,8, pa...
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Direct observation of ultrafast hydrogen bond strengthening in liquid water
Water is one of the most important, yet least understood, liquids in nature. Many anomalous properties of liquid water originate from its well-connected hydrogen bond network1, including unusually efficient vibra...