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Chapter
Vertical Shaft Bioreactors
The Vertical Shaft Bioreactor (VSB) treatment system is essentially a high rate activated sludge process capable of operating at food to microorganism ratios (F/M) of between 0.5 and 2.0 kg BOD5/kg MLVSS/d. These...
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Chapter
Vertical Shaft Digestion, Flotation, and Biofiltration
Three new biosolids treatment processes are introduced: vertical shaft digestion (VSD), vertical shaft floatation (VSF) thickening, and gas-phase biofiltration. The combination of these three major processes, ...